Physical Assessment, Part I
Terms
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- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, or circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery.
- annular
-
Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions:
___, lesions run together. - confluent
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, distinct, individual lesions that remain seperate.
- discrete
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, clusters of lesions.
- grouped
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike.
- gyrate
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, or iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions.
- target
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, annular lesions grow together.
- polycyclic
- Common Shapes and Configurations of Lesions: ___, liner arrangement along a nerve route.
- zosteriform
- Primary Skin Lesions: Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm.
- macule
-
Primary Skin Lesions:
Something you can feel, i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm. diameter, due to superficial thickening in the epidermis. - papule
-
Primary Skin Lesions:
Macules that are larger than 1 cm. - patch
- Primary Skin Lesions: Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateulike, disk-shaped lesion.
- plaque
- Primary Skin Lesions: Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule.
- nodule
- Primary Skin Lesions: Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues).
- wheal
- Primary Skin Lesions: Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in the dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin.
- cyst
- Primary Skin Lesions: Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm. Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured.
- vesicle
- Primary Skin Lesions: Turbid fluid (pus)in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated.
- pustule
- Freckles are an example of what primary skin lesion?
- macule
- An elevated nevus is commonly known as a ___.
- mole
- A wart or elevated nevus is an example of what primary skin lesion?
- papule
- A mosquito bite or an allergic reaction is an example of what primary skin lesion?
- wheal
- Acne is example of what primary skin lesion?
- pustule
- Chickenpox is example of what primary skin lesion?
- vesicle
- Vascular lesions: A large, flat macular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along the distribution of cranial nerve V. The color is dark red, bluish, or purplish.
- Port-Wine Stain (Nevus Flammeus)
- Vascular lesions: A raised bright red area with well-defined borders about 2 to 3 cm in diameter.
- Strawberry Mark (Immature Hemangioma)
- Vascular lesions: A reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels.
- cavernous hamangioma (mature)
- Vascular lesions: A fiery red, star-shaped marking with solid circular center. Capillary radiations extend from the central arterial body.
- spider or star angioma
- Vascular lesions: A blue-purple dilatation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern.
- venous lake
-
Vascular lesions:
Tiny punctate hemorrhages, less than 2 mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple, or brown in color. - petechiae
- Vascular lesions: Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses, flat macular hemorrhage.
- purpura
- What does an abnormal capillary refill indicate?
-
1) cardiovascular dysfunction
2)respiratory dysfunction - What does clubbing indicate?
-
1)congenital chronic cyanotic heart disease
2)emphysema
3)chronic bronchitis - Enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm is known as?
- lympadenopathy
- ___ is a deformity of the neck where the head is tilted toward one side and limited neck ROM to the opposite side.
- torticollis (wryneck)
- Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head is called?
- hydrocephalus
- Excessive secretion of growth hormone from the piturary, after puberty, creates an enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones is called?
- acromegaly
- ___ is perception of two images of a single object.
- diplopia
- ___ occurs with disease of the semicircular canals in the ears, a paretic eye muscle, multiple sclerosis, or brain lesions.
- nystagmus
- ___ is a deviation in the anteroposterior axis of the eye.
- strabismus
- Even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea, indicating jaundice is called?
- scleral icterus
- ___ is ringing, crackling, or buzzing of the ears.
- tinnitis
- ___ is the feeling that the room is spinning around.
- vertigo
- ___ is the resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue; a thinning of the epidermis.
- atrophic scar