skin, hair, & nails assessment
Terms
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primary skin lesions:
MACULE: -
a flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm
ex: freckles,flat moles(nevi),petechiae,measles,scarlet fever -
primary skin lesions:
PAPULE: -
an elevated,firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter.
ex:wart(veruca),elevated moles,lichen planus,cherry angioma,skin tag -
primary skin lesions:
PATCH: -
a flat,nonpalpable,irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter.
ex: vitiligo,port-wine stain,mongolian spots,cafe-au-lait spots -
primary skin lesions:
PLAQUE: -
elevated,firm,and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
ex: Psoriasis,seborrheic and actinic keratoses,eczema -
primary skin lesions:
WHEAL: -
elevated irregular-shaped area of cuntaneous edema;solid,transient;variable diameter
ex:insect bites,urticaria,allergic reaction,lupus erythematosus -
primary skin lesions:
NODULE: -
elevated,firm,circumscribed lesion;deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter
ex:dermatofibroma erythema nodosum,lipomas,melanoma,hemandioma,neurofibroma -
primary skin lesions:
TUMOR: -
elevated and solid lesion;may or may not be clearly demarcated;deeper in dermis;greater than 2 cm in diameter
ex:neoplasms,lipoma,hemangioma -
primary skin lesions:
VESICLE: -
elevated,circumscribed,superficial,not into dermis;filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter
ex:varicella(chickenpox),herpes zoster(shingles),impetigo,acute eczema -
primary skin lesions:
BULLA: -
vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
ex:blister,pephigus vulgaris,lupus erythematosus,impetigo,drug reaction -
primary skin lesions:
PUSTULE: -
elevated,superficial lesion;similar to a vesscile but filled with purulent fluid
ex:impetigo,acne,folliculitis,herpes simplex -
primary skin lesions:
CYST: -
elevated,circumscribed,encapsulated lesion;in dermis or subcutaneous layer;filled with liquid or semisolid material
ex:sebaceous cyst,cystic acne -
secondary skin lesions:
SCALE: -
heaped-up keratinized cells;flaky skin;irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily;variation in sized
ex:flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis following scarlet fever,or flaking of skin following a drug reaction;dry skin, pityriasis,rosea, eczema,xerosis -
secondary skin lesions:
LICHENIFICATION: -
rough,thickened epeidermis,secondary to peristant rubbing,itching, or skin irritation; often involes flexor surface of extremity
ex: chronic dermatitis -
secondary skin lesions:
KELOID: -
irregular-shaped,elevated,progressively enlarging scar;grows beyond the boundaries of the wound
ex: keloid formation following surgery -
secondary skin lesions:
SCAR: -
thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis
ex:healed wound or surgical incision -
secondary skin lesions:
EXORIATION: -
loss of the epidermis; linerar hollowed-out crusted area
ex:abrasion or scratch,scabies -
secondary skin lesions:
FISSURE: -
linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry
ex:athlete's foot,cracks at the corner of the mouth,chapped hands,eczema,inerigo labialis -
secondary skin lesions:
CRUST: -
dried drainage or blood;slightly elevated;variable size;color variable--red,black,tan, or mixed
ex:scab on abrasion,eczema -
secondary skin lesions:
EROSION: -
loss fo part of the epidermis;depressed,moist,glistening;follows rupture of vesicle or bulla
ex:varicella,variola after rupture,candidiasis,herpes simplex -
secondary skin lesions:
ULCER: -
loss of epidermis and dermis;concave;varies in size
ex:pressure ulcer,stasis ulcers,syphillis chancre -
secondary skin lesions:
ATROPHY: -
thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings;skin appears translucent and paperlike
ex:aged skin,striae,discoid lupus erythematosus -
vascular skin lesions:
PETECHIAE -
tiny,flat,reddish purple, nonblanchable spots in the skin less thatn 0.5 cm in diameter
cause:infection or bleeding disorders resulting in hemorrhage of blood into the skin -
vascular skin lesions:
ECCHYMOSIS: -
(bruise)-a reddish purple, nonblanchable spot of variable size
causes:trauma to the blood vessel resulting in bleeding under the tissue -
vascular skin lesions:
ANGIOMA: - benign tumor consisting of a mass of small blood vessels; can vary in size from very small to large
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vascular skin lesions:
CAPILLARY HEANGJIOMA: -
a type of angioma that invloves the capillaries within the skin producing an irregrular macular patch that can vary from light red to dark red, to purple in color
cause:congenital vasuclar malformation of capillaries -
vascular skin lesions:
TELANGIECTASIA: -
permananent dilation of preexisting small blood vessels (capillaries,arterioles,or venules) resulting in superfical,fine,irregular red lines withing the skin
causes:rosacea,collagen vascualr disease;atinic damage, increased estrogen levles -
vascular skin lesions:
VASCULAR SPIDER -
a type of telangiectasia characterized by a small central red area with radiating spider like legs; this lesion blanches with pressure
causes: may occur in absences of disease with pregnancey in lier disease or with vitamin b deficiency -
vascular skin lesions:
VENOUS STAR -
a type of telangectasia characterized by a nonpalpale bluish star shaped lesion that may be liner or irregualry shaped
cause:increased pressure in the superficial veins