Basic Skin Terms
Terms
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- Sebaceous glands
- acinar, no lumen, lipid pheromones by holocrine secretion, no myoepithelial cells, every hair + lips, glans penis, glans clitoris, areola, develop at puberty
- Apocrine gland
- coiled tubular, large lumen, proteinaceous phermones by merocrine secretion, stratified cuboidal, myoepithelial cells, associated with hair follicles on anis, areola and axillae
- Ecrine gland
- coiled tubular, small lumen, light cells - ion pumpers, dark cells - secrete mucous by merocrine secretion, stratified cuboidal duct (basophilic), myoepithelial cells, thermoregulations
- Merkel cells
- sensory
- melanocytes
- neural crest origen (vimentin positive)
- langerhans cell
- monocyte origen vimentin positive, immune
- Pemphigus
- desmoglien mutation
- bullous pemphigus
- desmopenetrin mutation
- Sequence of Collagen production
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1. Preprocollagen is synthesized on the rough ER and injected into cisternae. The signal peptide is clipped off forming the procollagen.
2. Hydroxylation of lysine and praline occurs even as protein is being synthesized.
3. Carbohydrate residues are added to hydroxylysine
4. Registration peptides on amino and carboxy terminals are still present (keeps collagen soluble and prevents premature assembly of collagen fibrils). Procollagen is secreted outside.
5. Outside the cell, procollagen peptidases remove registration peptides forming procollagen. Procollagen assembles into polymeric collagen fibrils.
7. Lysyl oxidase catalyzes formation of covalent cross-links between tropocollagen molecules. - Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- few cells, vascular, large bundles of collagen type 1 running in random directions ( perichondrium, perimysium periostem, epineurium, epimysium)
- Dense Regular Connective Tissue
- Few cells, avascular, large bundles of collagen type I running in parallel array along long axis (ie tendon)
- Loose connective tissue
- Lots of cells, small bundles of collagen type I running in all directions.