Neurosciences 3.10 -- Sleep and Wakefulness
Terms
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- alpha freq
- 8-13 Hz
- beta freq
- >13 Hz
- theta freq
- 4-7 Hz
- delta freq
- <4 Hz
- alpha rhythm (waves)
- dominant, awake background pattern
- beta activity
- best in anterior head regions; reflects awake and alert activity; enhanced by concentration
- theta waves
- found in cortical limbic areas; intrinsic rhythm to this region
- delta waves
- found predominantly during deep non-REM sleep
- sleep spindles
- epitome of EEG syncronization during early non-REM sleep
- what three things characterize the awake state?
-
(1) beta activity in the EEG
(2) low amplitude, high freq EMG
(3) behavioral alertness - four stages of non-REM sleep
-
(1) Stage 1 shows a loss of the dominant alpha rhythm with replacement by a slower theta rhythm
(2) Stage II is characterized by theta and delta rhythms of low to medium voltage, and the presence of sleep spindles, vertex sharps transients and K-complexes
(3) Stage III non-REM is characterized by high voltage delta comprising 20-50% of background
(4) Stage IV is over 50% - what 6 features characterize REM sleep?
-
(1) beta activity (low amp, high f)
(2) atonia in neck muscle EMG
(3) REM
(4) PGO spikes
(5) hippocampal theta rhythm
(6) dreamms - locus ceruleus
- produces NE which triggers arousal
- midbrain raphe nuclei
- produce serotonin which triggers onset of synchronized sleep
- pedunculopontine nucleus
-
(Ch5 of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum)
produces ACh and triggers the onset of REM sleep and is involved in sleep paralysis of REM sleep