Social Studies II
Terms
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- Gettysburg
- The most famous and most important battle of the Civil War took place July 1-3, 1863, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. More soldiers died at Gettysburg than in any other battle. The south lost, General Lee blamed himself, the tide of the war was now permanently turned against the South. Lincoln dedicated the battlefield as a military cemetery.
- Fort Pulaski
- Was an important coastal defense site in GA; it was the only battle fought in GA during 1862 (Union victory).
- Appomattox Court House, VA
- April, 1865 General Lee surrendered to General Grant at this location and the Civil War was officially ended.
- sutler wagon
- a privately owned wagon that followed behind the troops and that had available for sale food, razors, writing papers and pens, sewing needles, and other items
- Andersonville
- Infamous Confederate Prisoner of War Camp located in GA; during 15 months the camp was in operation, >13,000 men died. Confederate officer in charge of the camp (Captain Wirz) was executed for "excessive cruelty"
- ironclad
- an armored ship
- King Cotton diplomacy
- the South's political strategy during the Civil War; it depended upon British and French dependency on southern cotton to the extent that those two countries would help the South in the war
- Fort Sumter
- On April 12, 1861 the Civil War began when this fort was fired upon by Confederate forces.
- blockade
- to obstruct or prevent access to
- strategy
- a plan of action to accomplish something
- Antietam
- April 17, 1862, the first major Civil War battle on Northern soil, a Union victory. The bloodiest single day battle in American history. A turning point in the war because it stopped Lee's invasion of the north, gave Lincoln the victory he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, and it sealed the fate of the Confederacy.
- General Ulysses S. Grant
- commander of the Union army during the Civil War
- Emancipation Proclamation
- a document issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that freed the slaves in the Confederacy
- rations
- portions of food
- blockade runner
- a ship that slipped around or through a blockade
- William T. Sherman
- led Union soldiers on a two-month march across Georgia destroying everything along a path that was sixty miles wide and 300 miles long
- conscription
- the drafting of men to serve in the army
- General Robert E. Lee
- Confederate General who held off the Union troops from the doors of Richmond, VA for several years. On April 9, 1865 he surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in VA and the Civil War was officially over.
- David Farragut
- became the first U. S. Navy admiral and was responsible for the successful blockade of the South during the Civil War
- Manuel Chaves
- Union Lieutenant Colonel who was nicknamed El Lioncita (little lion); was in charge of the First New Mexican Volunteers.
- Battle of Chickamauga
- 1863 Confederate army defeated the Union forces and forced the Union Army back into TN; Confederates did not follow up on Union retreat and they lost Chattanooga to the Union a short time later.
- P. G. T. Beauregard
- commander of the Confederate forces that fired the first shot of the Civil War - against Fort Sumter
- Federico Cavada
- Captain in the Union Army who was a part of a group nicknamed "the eyes of the Army of the Potomac." The group flew above battlefields in a balloon and sketched the scenes below.