social studies freshmen
Terms
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- place value system
- devised by Muslims; a number's value is determined by position in a digit
- sheikh
- chief appointed by the heads of the families
- jihad
- holy struggle to bring Islam to other lands
- city known as the "city of the prophet
- Madinah
- Muhammad's secret departure to Yathrib is known as ____________
- Hijarah
- Rubaiyat
- Omar Khayyam
- madrasas
- theological schools
- arabesques
- geometric designs entwined with plant stems, leqves, flowers and stars
- Imam
- prayer leader, guides believers in prayer
- Muslims and Marriage
- could have four wives, had to treat them equally
- Rightly Guided Caliphs
- the first four caliphs after Muhammad
- 4 facts about Muhammad
- orphaned at early age, raised by uncle, worked for a widow named Khadija, Khadija proposed marriage, he married her, founded Islam
- Shari'ah
- Islamic code of law that includes rules for all aspects of life
- How do Muslims view Jesus?
- great prophet
- al-Razi
- classifed substances as animal,mineral or vegetable
- Muslim geographers
- measured the size and circumference of earth with great accuracy; said the world was round
- five pillars of Islam
- confession of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, pilgrimage to Makkah
- alchemy
- branch of chemistry that attempted to change lead into gold
- Mosque
- Islamic plae of worship, school, court, shelter
- chronicles
- accounts in which events are arranged in the order in which they occurred
- Sunni muslims
- "followers of the way" caliph was primarily a leader not religious authority; majority
- meaning of word Islam
- submission to the will of Allah
- Abbasid dynasty
- overwhelmed the Umayyads; Abu'l-Abbas caliph; descendant of one of Muhammad's uncles
- caliph
- supreme leader of Islam, chosen as successor of Muhammad
- moral values of Islam
- honor parents, kind to neighbors, protect orphans and widows, give to the poor
- Muslims
- followers of Islam
- revelation
- a vision
- Umayyad dynasty
- found my Mu'awiyah; moved capital from Madinah to Damascus, Syria
- four facts about how Bedouins live
- nomads, herded sheep, camels and goats, lived in tents, lived in tribes
- spiritual capital of Islam
- Makkah
- Sufism
- mystical form of Islam
- calligraphy
- art of elegant handwriting to decorate the walls of mosques or other public buildings with passages from the Quran
- Cannon of Medicine
- produced the Canon of Medicine
- Shiite
- minority; caliphate should be held only by descendants of Muhammad; stressed spiritual rather than political aspects of leader ship
- House of Wisdom
- research center; Christian, Jewish, and Muslim scholars; many mathematical and scientific achievements
- political capital of Islam
- Madinah
- Muhammad's birthplace
- Makkah
- What did the Quran forbid?
- murder, stealing, lying, adultery, eating pork, drinking alcohol
- bazaars
- marketplaces
- first caliph
- Muhammad's father-in-law ABU BAKR
- Muhammad's two greatest achievements
- founded a religion, wrote the Quran
- decree that said Muslims were to place loyalty to the Islamic community above loyalty to their tribe
- Madinah Compact
- final authority in matters of faith and lifestyle
- Quran