History Chapter 15 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- What is Devine Right?
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The belief that one had a G-d given right to rule
Kings thought that if people disobeyed them they were disobeying G-d - What is a NationState?
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definite boundaries, unified rule, and permanent loyal armies
people had national identities ( cultures) - What was the "War of Roses"?
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between the Lancasters(red rose) and the Yorks(white rose)
Tudors
Lancasters won (henry Tudor) - what did Henry VII do?
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* imposed heavy fines for having a private army
*efficient tax collecting system
* opened his advisory councils to members of the middle class - What did Henry VIII do?
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* he was Henry VII's son
*married Cathrine of Aaragon
*replaced Roman Catholic Church with Anglican church so he could increase wealth and control church
*his military adventures didnt do much except waste $$$ - What did Elizabeth I do?
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*strengthened Church Of England and stopped the Catholics from killing her
*really good ruler--during her 45 years England had Peace, prosperity and prestige
*supported exploration and the arts
* was the "Virgin Queen" ( and the last of the Tudors)
* she travled around and visited the public - Who was Sir Walter Raleigh and what did he do?
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he was an explorer hired by Elizibeth I
* he established colonies in North Carolina - Who was Sir Francis Drake and what did he do?
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Explorer hired by Elizabeth I
*sailed around the world to raid spanish ports and ships --he also tried to find new trading partners
*was a pirate - Who was Henry IV and what did he do?
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* first king of the Bourbons
*he united France by ending religious wars between Catholics and Huguenots
*Helped Peasants
-lowered peasants' taxes
-reduced power of nobles so
they couldn't abuse peasants
*improved textile industry - Who was Champlain and what did he do?
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explorer hired by Henry IV
*founded Quebec - Who was Louis XII and what did he do?
- *when his daddy died and he was appointed king he was too young to rule so his mommy appointed CARDINAL RICHELIEU as chief minester
- Who was Cardinal Richelieu and what did he do?
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*ruled for Louis XII because Louiz was too young to rule
*he appointed representative governers for each district ( called intendants)
*took away privileges from Huguenots
*promoted textile industry
*increased french influence in European affairs by aiding protestant princess in the 30 years war - Who were intendants and what did they do?
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they were representative governers appointed by Richelieu to rule each French district
* they established armies, supervised tax collection, regulated businesses, and watched nobility for signs of rebellion - Who was Louis XIV and what did he do?
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* became king when 5 years old
* During his reign France became the greatest power in Europe
*Called the "sun king" and the "grand monarch"
*he made france the center of learning and the arts
*built Versailles
*spent more $$ then he had and left the other Bourbon kings to pay off his debts - Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert and what did he do?
- one of Louis’s most capable ministers, promoted the policy of mercantilism
- Who was Charles V and what did he do?
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⬢ A member of the Habsburg family.
⬢ Became holy roman emperor in 1519.
⬢ Opposed protestant reformation and said Martin Luther was an outlaw. - Who was Philip II and what did he do?
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*habsburg ruler
* wanted to extend influence of Catholicism into Europe
* was "hands on " ruler
-demanded written reports of all aspects of gov
*used gold and silver from south america to imrpve army and navy
*created the Spanish Armada - What was the Spanish Armada?
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created by Philip II
* fleet of ships sent to invade england
*sent cause PHil wanted to take over england and make it Catholic ( he lost) - Who was Maria Theresa and what did she do?
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strong Habsburg Ruler
*had to fight to keep other monarchs from taking territory away from her
* joined with Russia and Prussia to divide Poland
* was ruler who promoted education for children - Who was Peter the Great and what did he do?
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* was a Romanov ruler
* set up schools for scientific research
* disguised himself and spied on western Europe to gain info about their technologies and ways of life
* brought teachers, engineers, & craftspeople from western Europe to Russia
* forced peole to follow western Europe dress and rules or they were punished
*won territory along baltic sea known as the "windows of the west"
*put the Russian Orthodox Church under his control - Who was Catherine the Great and what did she do?
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*continued to westernize Russia
*gave upper class privileges and thus the lower class lost some
*gained the land along the Black sea so that Russia could have a port open all year long - early efforts to limit the powers of absolute monarchs
- ⬢ Revolution; The use of violence or the threat of violence to bring about basic changes in the way a nation is governed.
- What did the Magna Carta do?
- set forth the rights of the barons, was eventually extended to the common people.
- What are the 2 parts of Parliament?
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⬢ House of Lords- included nobles and the church leaders
⬢ House of Commons- made up of wealthy merchants who were commoners. - Who was the king that made Parliament?
- Edward I
- What did the Petition of Right do?
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⬢ Prohibited the ruler from imposing taxes without the consent of parliament.
⬢ Said that no person could be sent to prison without having the charges against him or her made public. - Who were the Royalists and Cavaliers?
- those who fought for the king in the civil war?
- Who were the Roundheads?
- those who fought for parliament, wore their hair in short, bowl-shaped style. Many were puritans and followed the ideas of John Calvin
- Who was Oliver Cromwell?
- deeply religious Puritan who led the roundhouse forces.
- What was Commonwealth?
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made by oliver Cromwell
*Cromwell and parliament had equal power