Kingdom Fungi
Terms
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- extracellular digestion
- digestion that takes place outside of the cell.
- mycelium
- the part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food.
- hypha
- filament of fungal cells.
- rhizoid hypha
- a hypha that is imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows.
- aerial hypha
- a hypha that is not imbedded in the material upon which the fungus grows.
- sporophore
- specialized aerial hypha that produces spores.
- stolon
- an aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments.
- haustorium
- a hypha of a parasitic fungus which enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm.
- chitin
- a chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility.
- membrane
- a thin covering of tissue.
- fermentation
- the anaerobic (without oxygen) breakdown of sugars into alcohol , carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.
- zygospore
- a zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering.
- zygote
- the result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring.
- antibiotic
- a chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rates of other organisms.
- septate hypha
- Hypha that are composed of individual cells seperated from one another by cell walls
- nonseptate hyphae
- not separated by cell walls and the nuclei are spread throughout the hypha.
- aerial hypha
- A hypha that is not imbedded in the materical upon which the fungus grows.
- sporangiophore
- a fungus sporophore that produces its asexual spores within an enclosure
- conidiophore
- An aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments., When a sporophore form its spores with no enclosure
- fruiting bodies
- The reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores.
- motile
- capable of spontaneous motion, part of phylum mastigomycota, have flagella
- non-motile
- (of spores or microorganisms) not capable of movement, phylum amastigomycota
- basidia
- clublike structures in fungi formed during sexual reproduction between mycelia
- button stage
- When hyphae are formed in the membrane and quickly fill with water until they pop up
- gills
- small plates that are lined with basidia
- fairy rings
- mushrooms growing in circles
- puffball
- phylum basidiomycota saprophytic rpoduce their spores on basidia inside a membrane
- shelf fungi
- found on either dead wood or on living trees
- rusts
- another form of fungi that are parasitic
- wheat rust
- rust fungus that attacks wheat
- main host
- both hosts are necessary for the rust to complete its life cycle
- alternate host
- One of two kinds of plants upon which a parasitic fungus must develop to complete its life cycle
- uredospore
- The red spore produced by wheat rust.
- teliospore
- rusts form these different kind of spore when the wheat plants turn yellow
- aeciospores
- Spores which grow in tiny cups on the underside of barberry bush leaves
- smuts
- group of parasitic fungi that belong in phylum basidiomcycota
- sac fungi
- These fungi produce their spores in tiny sac structures called asci., Ascomycetes
- ascospores
- found in sacs called asci.
- yeasts
- single-celled fungi
- budding
- A form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent
- fermentation
- The anaerobic (without oxygen)breakdown of sugars into alcohol, carbon dioxide and lactic acid,
- ergot of rye
- (aka claviceps purpurea) feeds on rye grain and is deadly to people
- Dutch elm disease
- caused by a fungus carried by bark beetle
- chestnut blight
- Cryphonectria parasitica, fungus kill chestnut trees
- zygospore
- A zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering.
- zygote
- The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
- chytrids
- Single celled fungi, produce motile spores. Have flagella on the cells. Mostly decomposers and parasites in aquatic habitats.
- late blight of potato
- A typical water mold responsible for disease that caused potato famine in Ireland. Class Oomycetes, Phytophthora infestans
- antibiotic
- A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms
- penicillin
- a mold that produces a substance that kills bacteria. Alexander Fleming
- immune
- bacteria dapy to become immune to an antibiotic
- slime molds
- ...
- plasmodium
- ...
- lichen
- ...
- soredium
- A dust-like substance released by lichens that contains spores of both the alga and the fungus in a protective case.
- mycorrhizae
- Symbiotic associations between fungi and the roots of plants