Chapter 4
Class Study Guide
Terms
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- prokaryote
- a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei
- endoplasmic reticulum
- an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
- microtubule
- A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia, flagella, and the cytoskeleton.
- golgi aparatus
- sometimes referred to as the cell packaging plant, stack of membranous sacks(cisternae), well developed in secretory glands and located on the side of the cell from which it secretes its substances, has a "cis face recieving side" close to the rough ER and a "trans face shipping side", transport vesicles from the ER travel to the cis face, become part of inner matrix are processed and packaged as lysosomes and will exit at the trans face
- nucleus
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads), detoxification (in liver cells), and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells).
- organelle
- a specialized part of a cell
- vacuole
- a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
- cell theory
- (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
- selectively permeable membrane
- membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether
- Cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
- peripheral protein
- Located on both the interior suface and the exterior surface of the cell membrane.
- flagellum
- a lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa)
- nucleolus
- a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus
- thylakoid
- A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
- cytoskeleton
- a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
- chromosome
- a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
- mitochondrion
- an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus
- chloroplast
- plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments
- cytoplasm
- the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus
- ribosome
- an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell
- cilium
- a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell
- Cell Membrane
- a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
- fluid mosaic model
- the membrane is a fluid structure with a "mosaic of various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids (what kind of model is this?)
- lysosome
- an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)
- cytosol
- the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended
- nuclear pore
- A protein channel in the nuclear envelope that llows the free passage of molecules smaller than 60 kD.
- integral protein
- proteins embedded in the bilayer
- eukaryote
- an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria
- cell wall
- a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
- microfilament
- A solid rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction.