BNDA 2-1
Terms
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copy deck
- What are the other names for a CPU?
- Mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer
- What types of data can a computer handle?
- Analog, Digital
- What are the three major functional sections of every computer?
-
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Input/Output (I/O) - What is the brain of the computer?
- The CPU
- What does the computing center (CPU) consist of?
- Control Section, Internal Storage (registers), Section (main or primary memory), and arithmetic logic section.
- How does the control section recieve data?
- Through buses.
- What are control instructions used for?
- They are used to send commands to devices not under direct command of the control section.
- What is another name for CPU (internal storage section)? What are they used for?
-
Registers.
Used as working memory space while the CPU is executing programs. - What does the Arithmetic Logic section do?
- It performs all arithmetic operations-adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. Data flows between Arithmetic Logic section and the internal storage section during processing.
- What are the two processor types?
-
RISC
SISC - What are the characteristics of RISC processors?
-
Recognizes a limited (or reduced) number of computing instructions. They work extremely fast due to there elementary instructions.
Found inside a SUN box. - What are the characteristics of CISC processors?
- Contains more computing instructions. Tends to be slower than the RISC processor. Found in Intel Boxes.
- What are Mips?
-
Million Instructions Per Second
A measure of a computers speed. The number of instructions a computer can execute in one second. Refers ONLY to CPU speed and is a general indicator of speed. - What are Flops?
-
Floating Operations Per Second
The number of seconds required to perform a matematical operation on real numbers. - Who is the worlds largest manufacturer of computer chips?
- Intel
- What are nearly all personal computers based off of?
- Intel x86 architecture
- What is a SPARC?
- Scalable Processor Architecture. A 32 and 64 bit microprocessor architecture. Widley used in UNIX systems.
- What is ROM?
- ROM Is read-only memory. It is non-volatile and it contains the initial system load. Only the computer manufacturer can provide this.
- What is RAM?
- Random Access Memory. It is volatile. In a computer it is the working memory.
- What is PROM?
- Programmable Read Only Memory. It is non-volatile. You can enter a program into the memory. Once it has been written, it can not be changed.
- What is EPROM?
- Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is non-volatile. It can be erased when the need arises. It is erased with ultra-violet light.
- What are the three types of inputs?
-
Manual (keyboard, mouses)
Analog (instruments or sensors)
From a source on or which data has previously been stored. - What are the three output information?
-
Displayed information: codes, numbers, words, symbols
Control Signals: information that operates a control device such as a lever, aileron or actuator.
Recordings: information that is stored in a machine language or human language on tapes, disks, or printed media. - What are the three types of secondary storage?
- Magnetic disk, tape and CD-ROM
- How is data written onto CDs?
- Numbers start on the outside towards the center. Spiral.
-
bits
byte
kilobits
megabits
gigabits
terabits -
1
8 bits
1024 bytes
1024 kilo bytes
1024 mega bytes
1024 giga bytes - What is a cylinder?
- A cyllinder is when all tracks with the same number line up vertically.
- What two ways can data be organized on a disk pack?
- Cyllinder and sector method
- What are ON bits?
- 1
- What are OFF bits?
- 0
- How does the sector method work?
- It requires each of the tracks be divided into individual storage areas. There are usually eight or more.
- What is magnetic tape?
- A device used mainly for seondary storage. Usually made of of a MYLAR base coated with magnetic oxide.
- Where is the parity on the tape?
- In the center of the tape.
- Waht are common recording densities for multi-track tapes.
- 200-6,250 bits/bytes per inch (BPI) Also known as frames per inch (FPI) and characters per inch CPI
- How much memory does a floppy disk have?
- 1.44 mb
- How much memory does a CD have?
- 650 mb
- How is information stored on a CD?
- By etching a series of pits or little holes. The flat sports in between the pits are called lands. The cpu detects reflections of the laser over the pits and lands.
- What are the charateristics of the data area of a CD?
-
38mm wide and divided into three sections.
Table of contacts for the entire disc is the first 4mm
Program area, 33mm if it is filled.
The lead out area tells the drive it has reached the end of the disc. - How is a cd read?
- When the laser is over a pit the light is defused and not detected by the photo detector. When it is over a land the loght is reflected back to the photo detector.
- What is the techniaue that the CD-ROM drive uses to access data from a disc?
-
Constant Linear Velocity
The spiral increase as it winds toward the outer edge of the disk. - What is the rotation speed of the disc while reading the inner tracks?
- 500 rpm. On the outer edge the speed decreases to 200 rpm.