Intro to Occupation- Midterm

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(1)is essentaial for life: meaning
What does meaning mean?: something that has value and purpose
NAME means something has value and purpose: meaning
Give examples of somethings that have meaning? (3): (1)objects (2)religion (3)family and friends
Human beings are (1) and (2): (1)relationship animals (2)spirituial beingings
NAME are relationship animals and spiritual beings: Human beings
You cannot ingore the things that have (1)in persons life and treat them fully: meaning
Being tolerant does not mean (1): accepting other people's views
OT's must be (1) of other people's veiws: tolerant
What are personal and social meanings?: is a continuum of context, w self defination anchoring one end and socail defs anchoring the other end
NAME is a continum of context, w self def anchoring one end and social defs anchoring the other end: personal and social meanings
Personal and social meanings are a interplay btwn (1) and (2): (1)individuality (2)conformity
NAME are a interplay btwn indvidiaulity and conformity: personal and social meaning
How does a ones meaning change?: our ability to "use" meaning changes as we transform from novice to expert
People have thing that we have to (1): conform to what people like
Everyone wants to (1) w a group of people: belong
What is critical in terms of your career?: the ability to "use" meaning changes as we transform from novice to expert. (2)this will help us to understand them, understand yourself better, and interact w them and help them in the best way
If you use/ understand (1)you can use that in therapy to bulid repor: meaning
if you use/understand meaning you can use that in therapy to build (1): repor
T or F meaning is different for each person: true
it is an (1) that meaning is realized in our lives: action or doing
How do we act out what is meanful to us as human beings?: through occupational performance
OTs help to heal through (1): healing
Where does ones meaning come from? (3): (1)ones perspective (2)our past experience (3)our prejudice
T or F it is possible for a person to have no prejudges: false
does everyone have a prejudge ?: yes
T or F everyone has prejudges w in human nature: true
How do we know our meaning? (3): (1)narrative (2)self-reflection and introspection (3)purposfulness organizes our time and behavior
(1) organizes our time and behavior: purposefulness
What is narrative?: reasoning /telling a story
NAME refers to reasoning/telling your story: narrative
OT should try to get a person to tell his or her (1): story
Being a good Ot is being a dedicitive to find out thier (1): meaning
What is introspection?: is self-reflecting
How can you tell if something is meaningful?: by how they spend thier time and how much they spend doing it
Who said this "when a man does not know what harbor he is making for, no wind is the right wind": Seneca
What does this quote mean? "when a man does not know what harbor he is making for, no wind is the right wind": means we cannot help others till we understand ourselves
What is the of occuapation from a "occuaptional therapy perspective"?: (1)gives meaning to life (2)is an important determinat to health/wellness (3)organizes behavior (4)devlops and changes over the lifespan (5)shapes and is shaped by our environment (6)has therapeutic effectiveness
NAME gives meaning to life, is an important determine to health wellness, organizes behavior, develops and changes over the lifespan, shapes and is shaped our environment, and has therapeutic effectiveness: occupation
What is the occuaption of most children at school?: play and school
Describe (6) things about occupation?: (1)basic need (2)source of choice and control (3)source of balance and staisfication (4)means of generating income (5)descriptor (6)theraputic medium
NAME this ia a basic need, source of choice and control, source of balance and satisfication, means of generating income, descriptor, and theraputic medium: occupation
Occupation is a source of (1), (2), (3), and (4): (1)choice (2)control (3)balance (4)satisfication
How is occupation a discriptor? (5): (1)behavior (2)competence (3)development (4)performance (5)function
Who is the person? (7): (1)is occupational being (2) is unique (3)has intrinsic digninity and worth (4)make choices about life (5) is capable of change (6)is a social and spiritual being (7)shapes and is shaped by the environment
T or F a person is not cable of change: false
NAME is an occupational being, is unique, has intrinsic diginity and worth, makes choices about life, is a capable a change, is a social and spiritual being, and shapes and is shaped by the evironment: person
people are shaped and is shaped by thier (1): environment
All patients must receive treatment as human being that has (1) and (2): dignity (2)worth
OT is a (1) centered pratice: client
What is a client centered pratice?: means that you let the patients make choices in thier treatment plan
T or F OT believe that all people are capable of change for the better: true
The medical proffessions are very (1): scientfic
NAME is about spirituality and relationships: OT
(1),(2),and (3)have been found to be linked: (1)spirituality (2)health (3)wellness
T or F is the whole profession of medince is starting to coming back to looking as humans as being spiritual beings: True
What does the environment include?: (1)cultural (2)instituatonal (3)physical (4)social components
NAME includes cultural, instituitanal physical, and social components: environment
What infleunces environment?: performance, (2)organization (3)choice (4)choices of occupations
NAME this infleunces performance, organization, choice and staisfaction of occupations: environment
What is our health?: is more than the absence of disease
NAME is more than the absence of the disease: health
T or F our health is more than the absence of disease: true
WHat influences our health?: volition in occupation
NAME is influenced by volition in occupation: our health
What is volitiion?: is the ability to make choices
NAME is the ability to make choices: volition
What impacts our health? (5): spiritual meaning,(2) life (3)satisfaction in occuapation, (4) the social dimensions of fairness (5) equal opportunity in occupations
NAME this is impacted by spiritual meaning, life satisfication in occupation, and the social dimensions of fairness and equal opportunity in occupations: health
What does client-centered practice do?: (1)acknowledges tha clients have experience and knowledge about thier occuaptions (2)makes the client in active partner in the occupational therpay process
NAME this acknowledges that clients have experiences and knowledge about thier occupations and makes the client in active partner in the occupational therpay process: client centered practice
What does client-centered pratice encourage?: risk taking as a means of postive change
NAME encourages risk taking as a means of postive change: client-centered practice
What does client-centered practice?: focuses on enabling occupation
NAME focuses on enabling occupation: client-centered practice
What is cognitive mean?: is the ability to think
According to the model of the human being according to the Candian Association of occupational therpay, what are the parts of (3)core parts of the human being?: (1)affective (2)cognitive (3)physical
Draw what the model of the human being according to the Candian Association of occupational therpay?: see notes
Describe spirituiality? What it can do...(5): (1)provides an innate essence of self (2)is uniquely and truly human (3)provides for experession of will, drive, and motivation (4)is a source for determination (5)is a guide for expressing choice
What is spirituality a source of?: determination and personal control
What is spirituality a guide for?: expressing choice
What are the performace components? (3): (1)affective (2)cognitive (3)physical
NAME it three parts are affective, cognitive, and physical: performance components
What does affective mean?: feeling
NAME refers to ones feelings: affective
What does cognitive mean?: refers to your ability to think
NAME refers to your ability to think: cognitive
What does physical refer to?: doing
NAME this performance component refers to doing: physical
What does cultural mean?: refers to your ethniticty, race and finacial status
What is a simple starting place for understanding occupation?: is to list the variety of occupations that comprise your everyday life
T or F it is unusally for some occupations to be "nested or embeded within other occupations: false
it is not unusally for some occupations be to be (1) within other occupations: embeded
Occupations can inolves (1) and (2): habits and routines
Most of our daily life involes (1) and (2): habits and routines
T or F most of our daily life inolves habits and routines: daily life
What are habits?: are relatively, automatic, repetitive patterns of human behavior
NAME this are relatively, automatic repetitive patterns of human behavior: habits
what is a ex of a habit?: driving a certain route to work or getting cofee first thing in the morning
NAME a example of this is driving a certain route to work or getting cofee first thing in the morning: habit
T or F biting pencils and chewing your nails is a example of occuaptional habit: false
What are routines?: are habitual, repeatable and preictable ways of acting
NAME are habitual, repeatable and predictable ways of acting: routines
(1)occuaptions occur when people do more than one thing simultaneously: nested or embedded
T or F habits or patterns of time use can range along of continumm: true
T or F some occupational routines are useful: true
When can habits and routines be useful?: when they support a human behavior or though by enabling attention ir energy directed toward thoughts or actions where they best serve the interest of the indivdual
What is automaiticty?: refers to the behaviors that are done frequently and become automatic requring little or intention
NAME this refers to the behaviors that are done frequently and become automatic requring little or intention: automaiticty
How can automaiticty be problematic?: since they may lead to errors such as getting off an elevator on the wrong floor
NAME this can lead to problems bc they might lead to errors such as getting off an elevator on th e wrong floor: automaiticity
a person sense of self emerges largely as a result of (1): what he or she experiences
Some researches suggest that goals are fashioned around (1): (1)imagined selves,(2) to the extent that the occupation are chosen w/in an aim toward becoming a particular kind of person(3)to avoid the unpleasant outcome of becoming impoverished, unpopular, or clumsy, thus risking encountering socail rejection
NAME some reasearches believe this come from the imagined selves, to the exten that the occupation are chosen w/in an aim toward becoming a particular kind of person and to avoid the unpleasant outcome of becoming clumsy, thus risking social rejecti: goals
Clearly fashions and trends on modern soceity building are important factors in the (1): selection of occuaptions and by extension how time is used
Clearly (1) and (2)on modren society building are important factors in selection of occupations and by the externsion of how time is used: fashions and trends
Why are occupations complex?: bc the meaning associated w different occupations have social as well as individual significance
T or F occupations are complex: true
Human interaction create (1): social meaning
One demenision of meaning-making occupations is (1): spriritual in nature
What the word contemplate derive from?: the latin words refering to that which takes place within a temple
nAME this is derived from a latin word refering to that which takes place within a temple: contemplate
People tend to understand meaning of thier lives by considering thier (1): occupation as a part of an thier life stories
What is a narrative?: refers to the occupations that have gained meaning over time and become part of indivudals life story
NAME this refers to the occupations that have gained meaning over time and become part of the indivduals life story: narrative
What is folk taxonomy?: refers to the different types of occupations
NAME this refers to the different types of occuaptions: folk taxonomy
NAME this system is used to describe occupations and to convey ways in which certain occupations are valued: folk taxonomy
Give example of a job that has a negative value in society?: homemakers
NAME these can be classifed or grouped in many differ ways: human occupations
What are taxonamies?: are refered to as occupational categories
nAME this are occupational categories: taxonamies
What are some ways of organizing occupaptions? (5): (1)according to thier purpose or goal (2)by what is done, (3)how they are accomplished (4)when they are don (5)where they are done
How occupations id from approach that orgazes them based on thier purpose or goal: based on thier intended outcome
Who is Graham?: came up w a 18 social goal categories for occupations
NAME he came up w a 18 social goal catergories for occupations: Graham
What are some of the 18 social goals catergories that Graham came up w? (18): (1)be accepted by others (2)convey info to others (3)help look after other people (4)be in control of the situation (5)have fun (6)reduce own anxiety (7)maintian self respect or self essetem (8)id financial prospects (9)attain physcial well being (10)meet hunger and thrist eeds (11)engage in sex (12)make a favorable impression (13)seek help, advice and reassureance (14)persuade someone do something (15)obtain info, learn something new, solve problems (16)engage in pleasant social activity (17)make a favorable impression (18)make new friends, develop relationships
Graham's 18 social goal caterogires where study furthered and reduce to three main catergoies. what are those? (3): (1)interpersonal goals (2)self-achievement goals (3)pleasure seeking goals
NAME this was reduced to three main catergories: interpersonal goals, self-acheivment and pleasure seeking goals: Graham 18 social goal categories
What are occupational haits?: are particular kinds of occupational behavior
nAME this are particular kinds of occupational behaviors: occupational habits
Give (2) reason why occupational claffication can be problematic?: bc what is work for one may be leisure for antoher (2)play might be unkown in one culture
What are the (4) catergories that harvey and Pentland broke down Graham 18 social goal categories?: (1)necessary (2)contracted (3)committed (4)free time
NAME these people divided Graham 18 social goals into these 4 catergories: necessary, contracted, committed, and free time: harvey and Pentland
What forces may determine what people can do ranther than what they would like to do w thier time? (3): (1)psychological (2)social (3)economic
Where has most of the work done in developing systematic classifcaions of occupations be done?: in the paid area
What is a example of a frequent method for classify jobs?: behaviroal requirments approach
What is the behvairoal requiremnt approach?: is a frequent method that is used for classifing jobs
What are some examples of methods used to classify jobs? (2): (1)behavioral requirment aapproach (2)dicitonary of Occupational titles (3)Canada's national vocational qualification system
What is the ability requirement appraoch?: in this approach, tasks are described based on thier abilties required of the performer
NAME in this approach, tasks are described based on thier abilities required of the performer: the ability requirment approach
What is the current system for organizing info about job catergories in USA?: ONET
What is oNET?: is the current system that organizes jobs in the US operated by the department of labor
NAME this system is operated by the department of labor, and other factors to differentiate among jobs and to provide easily accessible info to employers and workers: ONET
NAME this is one of the primary occupations of childhood: play
NAME this is often described as self-moviated or chosen pleasureable and important from a development perspective since play offers abundant opportunites for learning: play
What is play?: is often described as self-motivated or chosen, pleasureable, and important form
What are some specfic selected occupational classifcation systems?: (1)ASCO (2)NOC (3)National vocational qualifcations system
What does the ASCO stand for?: is the Australian standard classification of occupation
What does the NOC stand for?: national occupational classification
Where does play come from?: an attidue of finding and sharing joy in requirements of everyday life, so that even seemingly serious events can reveal playful elements
NAME this an attude of finding and sharing joy in requirements of everyday life so that even seemingly serious events can reveal playful elements: play
What aer the differ ways to classify play? (2): (1)for younger people according to social dimensions begining w solitary play and progressing to types of cooperative play w others (2)the processes of play such as functional play or play involving creative
What if functional play?: refers to play that consists of simple repetite movements
NAME this type of play consists of simple repetive movements: functional play
T or F play requires differ levels of cogintive, physcial, and social skills: true
What is leisure?: is the freedom of choice in particupation and not having a particular goal other then enjoyment
NAME is the freedom of choice in participation and not having a particular goal other then enjoyment in mind: leisure
NAME Aristolte and plato veiwed this in terms of opportuntiy for expression and self-development: leusure
How did Aristolte and Plato veiw leisure?: they veiwed in terms of opportunity of expression and self-development
What are (2) broad categories of leisure?: (1)casual leisure (2)serious lesuire
What is casual lesisure?: are occupations that are pleasurable, of short duration, intrinsicually rewarding, and require no special training for enjoyment
NAME these are occupations that are pleasureable, of a short duration, intrinsicually rewarding, and require no speacil training for enjoyment: casual leisure
What is serious leisure?: includes amateruism, hobbyist pursuits, self-development, and volunteering
NAME this includes amateruism, hobbyist, pursuits, self-development, and volunteering: serious leisure
What are some key characteristics of serious leisure? (5): (1)significant personal effort (2)perseverance (3) lasting benefit (4) strong feelings of idenitification (5)a set of beliefs and subculture
NAME this has 5 key characteristics: significant personal effort, perseverance, lasting benefit, strong feelings of idenitification, and a set of beliefs and subculture: leisure
What are (2) subsets of serious leisure?: (1)fandom (2) hobbies
NAME this has two subsets: fandom and hobbies: serious leisure
What are fandoms?: pertains to those those serious leisure occupations surrounding the media, personatilties, sports, science fiction, and muscians
NAME this pertains to those serious leisure occupations surrounding the media, personatilites, sports, science fiction, and muscians: serious leisure
What are hobbies?: include engaging in various kinds of crafts
NAME this includes engaging in various kinds of crafts: hobbies
T or F according to more recent theories, leisure participation fulfills important psucholgical needs: leisure
T or F histroically, wealth and the time available for leisure were related: true
T or F in western nations, the time available for lesuire is on the rise: false
NAME are occupations classified as care of self include eating, dressing, bathing, personal hygiene, and other other occupations that are consdiered neccessary for survival for health: care of self
What is care of self?: are occupations classified as care of self include eating, dressing, bathing, personal hygiene, and other other occupations that are consdiered neccessary for survival for health
NAME this can somtimes be refered to as primary activites: care of self
By some care of self are considred (1)activites: primary
What are household and life maintenance occupations?: are the instrumental occupations required for everyday living, such as homework, laundry, shopping, cooking, and related chores
NAME these are the instrumental occupations required for everyday living such as homework, laundry, shopping, cooking, and the related chores: maintenance occupations
NAME these are somtimes called secondary activites: household and life maintenance
Household and life maintenance activites are somtimes called (1)activites: secondary
NAME these occupations provide the foundation for social life: houshold and life maintenance
How much time do people spend sleeping?: 1/3 of thier life
Is sleep a occupation?: this controversial bc occupations are usally equated w action and nevertheless, sleep requires actions to prepare for sleep
What does REM stand for?: rapid eye movement
Each cycle of sleep includes a stage of (1), and (2): (1)deep sleep (2)REM
NAME this seems to be related to restoration of the body, immune function, energy conservation, memory function, temperature regulation, and general development: sleep
How does is one surpoesd to answer the question What is your occupation? (4): (1)requires more than a naming and listing of actions (2) one needs to also distinguish the purpose of some occupation in relation to others for instance unpaid/paid occupaitos (3)need to take into account cultural and social conditions. for example social condition can determine the value of a particular occupation such as housemaking (4)people need to include more than paid work in thier life
What do the occupations people chose influence?: their lifestylesm thier comfort, thier producitivy, thier social relationships, and thier health and well being
NAME this influences thier lifestyle, thier comfort, thier producitivity, thier social relationships, and thier health and well being: occupations
What infleunces how people use thier time? (3): (1)biological factors (2)psycholigcal factors (3)social or environmental factors
WHat are some biological factors that infleunce time? (3): (1)age (2)physcial status (3)chronobiology or bodily rhythms
NAME includes age, physical status,and chronobiology or bodily rhythms: biological factors that infleunce time
How can age age infleunce time?: for example infants spend a great deal of time sleeping where as in young adults, time spend sleeping decreases
What does the word circadian in Latin mean?: is from the Latin words cicra meaning around and dia meaning "a day"
NAME this come from the Latin word "circa meaning around and dia meaning "a day": circadian
WHat is chronobiology?: is a special field of biology that deals with the infleunces of the endocrine system and circadian rythms
NMAE this is a special field of biology that deals with the infleunces of the endocrine system and circadian rythms: chronobiology
What is ciraddian desynchronization?: is the disruption of internal biological clocks often refered to as jet lag
NAME this is the disruption of ones internal biological clocks often refered to as jet lag: circadian desynchronization
How does psycholigcal factors infleunce how we use our time?: by our peronalilty type may infleunce our career choices as working adults, as well as our preferences for how lesiure time is spent
NAME this includes how our personalilty type may infleunce our career choices as working adults, as well as our preferences for how lesiure time is spent: psycholigcal factors
What are some physcial factors of the environmental and social factors that infleunce how we spend our time?: some physcial factors include natural conditions such as weather, landscape and the built environment, and the availability of objects such as tools and funitures
NAME this includes natural conditions such as the weather, landscape, the built environment, and the availiability of objects such as tools and furniture: physcial factors of environmental and social factors the infleunce how we spend our time
Give a ex of how physical factors of environmental and social factors can influence how we spend our time?: for ex, ice skating is limited occupation if there is you live near the equator
What are affordances?: refers to how substances and surfaces can be shaped or manipulated to invite touch
NAME refers to how substances and surfaces can be shaped or mainipulated to invite touch: affordances
Who is Gibson?: the father of ecological pschology
NAME he is the father of ecological psychology: Gibson
WHat are (2) envirnomental and social factors the infleunce how we use our time?: (1)physcial factors (2)for industrial socities, it is the availiability of raw materials, finished goods, and services
NAME these include physcal factors and for industral socities, it is the availability of raw materials, finished goods, and services: environmental and social factors that infleunce how we use our time
T or F most types of play and leisure depend on the avilabiltiy of some type of product or services: true
In the industrailized world, people are finding that a key factor influencing occupation is the availiability of (1): energy
People are not only citzens of states of nations, they also costiute a valuale resource known as (1): human capital
What does human capital have value?: bc of human occupations. for ex, some occupations can produce and consume goods, or services
NAME this has value bc human occupations. for ex, some occupations can produce and consume goods, or services: human capital
bc humans are social beings, we live in groups and both infleunce and are influenced by (1): other people, and by the policies, laws, media, and other conditions
What is subculture?: are caterogries of resistance or deviance that result in lifestyle patterns that are unique to certain groups
NAME are caterogries of resistance or deviance that result in lifestyle patterns that are unique to certain groups: subcultures
Can social norms have a great deal of infleunce on a persons occupations?: yes bc people do not like change and or what the approval of others
Give a ex of how social norms influence occupations?: for example employment polices, occupational classifications and market forces determine what occupations receive fincial rewards and what occupations are considered private and unpaid
WHat are some social factors that infleunce how one spends thier time?: (1)traditions (2)expetcations (3)regultaing policies (4)social norms
NAME these include traditions, expecations, regulating policies, and social norms: social factors that infleunce how a one spends his or time
Over the last decade, the amount the western culture has spend doing for (1) has decreased: relaxation and lesuire
How can a better understanding of occupation be acheived?: if a person has an appreciation for what people did during previous eras
Work and (1) have coexisted in history: play
NAME this has been seen as a curse on humankind: work
What does the greek word for work?: ponos meaning a sense of a heavy burdensome taks, downright drudgery
NAME this is from the greek word meaning ponons meaning a sense of a heavy burdensome tasks, downright drudgery: work
Within culture, what is the division of labor based on?: the status w/in the culture
what was the greek's value of work, give each person's role in soceity?: (1)slaves, peasants, and craftspeople did the work of gathering preserving raw materials and of fashioning goods(2)middle class-merchants who did the bartering (3)nobility and priests- thier work was to indulge in the pleasureable occupations of life such as teaching, discovering, thinking, or composing music
What did socrates do in the greek culture?: was known to frequent the shops of Athens, observing artisans at work, doing what he thought was nonessential tasks
NAME this greek philopsher was known to frequent the shops of Athens, observing artisans at work, and doing what he thought was nonessential tasks: Socrates
What did Aristole believe about work?: he belived well being did not come from the pursuite of pleasure
NAME this greek philopsher belived that well being did not come from the pursuit of pleasure: Aristole
What did Plato believe about work?: he declared life must be lived as play, playing certain games, and making sacrifices
NAME this greek pholiospher declared life must be lived as play, playing certain games, and making sacrfices: Plato

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