Minerals and Elements
Terms
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- What is a mineral?
- A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a distinct internal structure and chemical composition.
- Define luster.
- The physical property of a mineral that describes how light is relected from its surface; is defined as either metallic or nonmetallic.
- What is cleavage?
- The physical property of a mineral that causes it to break along smooth, flat surfaces. Cleavage is determined by the arrangement of the mineral's atoms.
- What is streak?
- Streak is the color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered.
- Define metallic.
- Shiny appearance resembling metal.
- What is a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched?
- It's hardness.
- What are minerals containing silicon and oxygen, usually with other elements called? They are the largest group of minerals.
- Silicates.
- How many known minerals are there?
- 4000
- What do minerals that break with rough or jagged edges have?
- Fracture.
- What is a gem?
- A valuable mineral highly prized because it is rare and beautiful.
- What is ore?
- A mineral containing a useful substance, such as a metal, that can be mined for profit.
- What is a crystal?
- A solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
- What five conditions must a substance meet to be a mineral?
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1. All minerals are formed by natural processes.
2. Minerals are inorganic.
3. They are all solids.
4. Every mineral is an element or compound with a chemical composition unique to that mineral.
5. The atoms in a mineral are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over again. - What properties in titanium make it useful in sports equipment and biomedical research?
- Durability, light weight and non toxic metal.
- Which two minerals are ores of titanium?
- Ilmenite and Rutile
- What is matter?
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- What are atoms?
- The building blocks of matter.
- What makes up the nucleus of an atom?
- Protons and neutrons.
- What are isotopes?
- Atoms of the same element. They have the same atomic number, but differ in their number of neutrons.
- What is a substance made of two or more elements?
- A compound.
- What is a rock?
- A mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter.
- What includes all processess by which rocks form?
- The rock cycle
- What is magma?
- Molten material that hardens to form igneous rocks.
- What is the difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks?
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Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools BELOW the Earth's surface.
Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools AT OR NEAR the Earth's surface. - What rocks are dense, heavy and dark colored?
- Basaltic
- What rocks are light colored and less dense than basalts?
- Granitic
- What rocks are intermediate between basaltics and granitics?
- Andesitic
- What can cause metamorphic rocks to form?
- Increases in heat and pressure.