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Abnormal Psych Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Terms

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a set of assumptions and concepts that helps scientisrs explain and interpret observations.
Model or Paradigm
a neve cell
neuron
a chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons.
neurotransmitter
The chemicals released by glands into the bloodstream.
Hormones
Chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit.
Gene
Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning.
Psychotropic Medications
A form of biological treatment used primarily on depressed patients, in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient's forehead.
Electroconvulsive therapy
Brain surgery for mental disorders.
Psychosurgery
According to Freud the psychological force that produces instinctual needs, drives and impulses.
ID
According to Freud the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principle.
EGO
stategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse.
EGO defense mechanisms
According to Freud, the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals.
Superego
A condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.
Fixation
The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the ego and considers it an important force.
Ego theory
The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the self-our unified personality.
Self theory
the psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior.
Object relations theory
A psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant.
Free Association
An unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy.
Resistance
According to psychodynamic theorists a process that occurs during psychotherapy, in which patients act toward the therapist as they did or do toward important figures in their lives.
Transference
A series of ideas and images that form during sleep.
Dreams
the relieving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems.
Catharsis
The psychoanalytic process of facing conflicts, reinterpreting feelings and overcoming one's problems.
Working through
A simple form of learning
Conditioning
A process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated.
Operant conditioning
A process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisyfing consequences is likely to be repeated.
Modeling
A process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person's mind and produce the same response.
Classical Conditioning
A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear to objects or situations they dread.
systematic deinsitization
A therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking.
Cognitive therapy
The humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth.
Self-actualization
The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy and genuineness.
Client-centered therapy
The humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients towards self recognition and self acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self discovery excercises.
Gestalt therapy
A therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values.
Existential Therapy
A theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules.
Family Systems Theory
Approaches that address the unique issues faced by members of minority groups.
Culture sensative therapies
Approcahes geared toward the special pressures of being a woman in Western society.
Gender sensative therapies
A group made up of people with similar problems who help and support one another without the direct leadership of a clinician.
Self help group
A therapy format in which the therapist meets with all members of the family and helpd them to change in theraputic ways.
Family therapy
A therapy format in which the therapist works with two people who share a long term relationship.
Couple therapy
A treatment approach that emphasizes community care.
Community mental health treatment
Explanations that attribute the cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological,developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and societal influences.
Biosychosocial theories
hiker
el/la excursionista
football
el fútbol americano
golf
el golf
hockey
el hockey
player
el/la jugador(a)
swimming
la natación
game;match
el partido
ball
la pelota
swimming pool
la piscina
tennis
el tenis
volleyball
el vóleibol
to scuba dive
bucear
to climb mountains
escalar montañas
to write a letter
escribir una carta
to write an email message
escribir una mesaje electrónico
to write a postcard
escribe ina tarjeta (postal)
to ski
esquiar
to win
ganar
to go on a hike (in the mountains)
ir de excursión (a las montañas)
to read email
lerr correo electrónico
to read a magazine
leer una revista
to play sports
practicar deportes (m.pl.)
to be a fan of
ser aficionado/a a
sports related
deportivo/a
to read the newspaper
lee el periódico
soccer
el futbol
visit a monument
visitan el monumento (visitar)
sun bathe
Toma el sol (tomar)
roller skate
patina el línea (patinar)
basketball
el baloncesto

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