HSCi Midterm 2

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3-field System: 800s AD Medievil Rome
crop rotation
crops on 2, animal roaming on 3rd
year-around crops
manoralism - ag system
Aqueducts: 312 BC - Aqua Appia Roman
transport of water into city
Noria lifted water into them
lack of maintenance leads to fall of rome
allow many people live in Rome
Beauvais Cathedral: 1284 AD Collapse
Marks end of tall gothic cathedral building
Black Plague: 500-600 AD
wiped out 1/3 of Europe
carried by fleas
Blast Furnace: Medievil Europe 1300 AD
Iron Ore, Coke/Coal in
Pig Iron, Slag out
Pig Iron 2-stage
furnace->troff, refine pig iron
Cam Shaft: big step rotary motion->reciprical
up & down, in & out
Cistercian Monastic Order: 1150 AD Cathedral Buildin
St Bernard of Clairveaux
-great abby
-promotes thinking
-innovation
Cloaca Maxima: 600 BC Roman Sewer
control of water
sanitation
keep people happy
Coliseum: 72 - 80 AD->construction
Meetings, entertainment, social activity
aqueducts below allowed naval battles
1200 jewish captives worked on it
600 tons roman concrete
160ft tall
Epijaom->trap doors, gladiators, lions
Durham Cathedral: 1093 AD
Romanesque into Gothic
first built with ribbed vaulting
breakthrough in architecture
heavier ceiling materials
Escapement: 1040 AD Su Sung's tower clock
rotational motion->constant motions
very important in clock making
gear turns makes pendulum move
Flying Buttress: 1094 AD half arch
late romanesque into gothic period
support outward forces of tall cathedrals
allowed much taller architecture
thinner walls, more windows, more light
looks good, pleasing to eye
Hagia Sophia: 532-537 AD construction
under Roman Emporer Justinian
Pendentives - dome on square base
Roman engineering in Church
influenced by Christian Morality
Horse Collar: 110 BC - Oxen collar Chinese
800 AD padded collar
heavy plow - better dist of weight
anatomy horse vs oxen
Iwan: Islamic Arch Form
4 walls w/courtyard and main tower
used in some Roman Arch
Latifundia: Roman Empire
large estates worked by slaves
2-field ag system
stop using 2-field near decline of rome
Motte & Bailey: Early Medievil defense tactic
Motte-high ground, last place of retreat
Bailey-small village, lower
Moat or trench around whole thing
Windsor Castle, Portchester
Noria: Medievil/Islamic World
innovated by muslims - flywheel
water-raising only
aqueducts
waterwheel type structure
Pantheon: 130 AD Hadrian of Rome
built for all gods
architect unknown
150ft Dome span
20ft thick base walls
30 ft opening in top for sun
Parchment: used for writing oncalfskin/goatskin/sheepskin
first evidence of storing ideas
architectural design/plans
mostly reused
Pendentive: 537 AD
Allowed dome structure to be placed on square base
used in Hagia Sophia church
Pointed Arch/Rib Arch: 1000-1100s AD
supported heavy ceilings
heavier materials, less fire
carry into gothic architecture
breakthrough in stability
cheaper, aesthetically pleasing
Durham Cathedral
Power Revolution: replacing human labor
waterwheel
gearing
flywheel, gravity (trebuchet)
wind, torsion catapult
Roman Baths: Baths of Diocletian 306 AD
Jobs- construction, operation
fed by aqueducts
Open to public
social activity
Roman Empire: 23 BC Julius Caesar last ruler of Republic
assimilation->melting pot
476 AD fall of rome
-goths invade, slaves dying off
-deforestation, maleria
-lack of maintenance to aqueducts
Romulus & Remus: founders of Rome
753 BC
St Benedict: 529 AD
Benedictine order/Rule
Work as a form of worship
encouraged thought/innovation
keeping records of old knowledge
Stimulus DIffusion: getting ideas rather than an object from other civilizations/people
Torsion Catapult: 399 BC - tyrant of Syracuse Dionysius
innovated Alexander the great
arrow/stone thrower
major change in war tactics
hair/sinew used for springs
Trebuchet: China - 4th century BC
Europe in 1100s AD
not obsolete until 1700s
Basket/Lead counterweight
Much more accurate than catapult
"Warwolf" nickname
Valerium: 80 AD - Coliseum Awning
retractable by pulleys
employed naval workers
shaded areas for rich
Windmills: power Revolution
helpful where no running water
stimulus diffusion- ideas rather than objects
sails different materials

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