us hist ch. 21
Terms
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- 16th Amendment
- during Taft's office term allowed for the federal income tax
- 17th amendment 1913
- people (not state legislatures) have the power to elect senators
- 19th Amendment
- gave all women the right to vote
- Background and influencees of the Progressive movement:
- 1. the philosophical movement associated with John Dewey and William James = pragmatism 2. the general trend toward greater efficiency 3. the Populist movement and the Socialist Party
- Booker T. Washington
- argued that blacks shoul try to improve themselves by hard work and job training temporarily tolerate segregation in return for whites to support black effots for education, etc.
- Clayton Antitrust Act 1914
- during Wilson's office tried to give the government a tool to challenge monopolistic practices stronger than the Sherman Antitrust Act welcomed by organized labor becuase it specifically stated that it wouldn't be used against unions/labor organ
- direct primary
- allow people (not parties) to decide who the candidates would be for general elections
- Election of 1912
- Roosevelt was not happy with Taft's conservatism Woodrow Wilson (Democratic) wins the election
- Federal Reserve Act 1913
- Wilson's most significant domestic initiative meant to address 4 weaknesses in US banking system: 1. lack of flexible currency 2. lack of stability in times of crisis 3. lack of central control over banking practices 4. concentration of financial
- Federal Reserve Bank
- during Wilson's office created by the Federal Reserve Act able to regulate the money supply through a series of financial mechanisms
- Federal Trade Commission 1914
- during Wilson's office to investiage dishonest business practices has the power to order companies to halt such practices
- Florence Kelly
- women who was a big factor in pushing for improved factory conditions in Illinois
- Frank Norris
- 'The Octopus' 1901: describe power of the railroads over the farmers of the West
- Hepburn Act 1906
- by Roosevelt strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission of 1887
- initiative
- allow citizens to introduce legislation by gainign a certain number of signatures
- John Dewey
- most important 20th century American philosopher and education theorist argued that government actions should be judged by the good they do for society
- muckraker's works often led to:
- reforms
- Muller v. Oregon
- Oregon law limited women to a 10-hour workday. This law was challenged but Supreme Court upheld it set precedent for the Sureme Court to use its power for social reform
- Payne-Aldrich Tariff
- a compromise measure thatn barely lowered tariffs
- Progressive movement
- when middle class men and women made proposals for reforms to american society
- Progressive presidents:
- Roosevelt (republican), Wilson (democrat), Taft (kind of)
- Progressive reformers tended to be:
- middle class city dwellers. many were professional people: doctors, social workers, scientists, and managers
- Progressives did not address the issue of:
- discrimination against blacks
- recall
- allow citizens to cut short a politician's term by calling for a special election
- referendum
- allow citizens to directly enact pieces of legislation through voting on ballot questions
- Results of the Federal Reserve Bank:
- during Wilson's office 12 districts created, each with a branch of the "Fed", throughout the country
- Results of the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in NYC
- led to stricter fire codes, shorter work week for women and minors, and the stopping of labor for kids under 14
- Rober LaFollette
- a Progressive who was elected governor, Republican 1900 initiated the campaign to reform state government intended to take power away from political machines and give it to the citizens
- Roosevelt during his office:
- 1. control of corporations 2. consumer protections 3. conservation of natural resources
- Roosevelt is known as the 'trustbuster' because:
- he enthusiastically target bad trusts with the Sherman Anti-trust Act
- Square Deal
- Roosevelt's agenda belief in equal opportunity and adherence to the spirit of the law
- Underwood Tariff 1913
- during Wilson's office lowered the tariff
- Upton Sinclair
- 'The Jungle' 1906: describe unsanitary conditions in meatpacking industry led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act 1906
- W.E.B. DuBois
- helped found the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1910 argued that black should press for end to segregation and for economic and political justice urged the smarter blacks to take the lead in the struggle
- What did Progressives do for the city government?
- 1. political machines replaced with nonpartisan commissioners who were selected to run the various city deparments 2. many cities replaced mayor with a city manager hired by the city council
- What did Progressives do for the national governement?
- 1. helepd push for the 17th amendment
- What did Progressives do for the state government?
- 1. Rober LaFollette's fight to put power in the hands of the citizens, not the political machines 2. direct primary 3. initative 4. referendum 5. recall
- What did Progressives do for women's suffrage?
- 1. helped and supported for the women's suffrage movement 2. 19th Amendment was passed
- What did Progressives do to protect the workers?
- 1. press many states to pass workers' compensatoin laws, which gave money to workers injured in industrial accidents 2. states passed laws that limited working hours, called for factory inspections, and created more sanitary conditions
- What did Roosevelt do for the environment?
- 1. tripled the amount of land set aside for national forests 2. created the Ntaional Conservatoin Committee 3. publicized the conservationist cause
- When Roosevelt was defeated by Taft for the Republican nomination, he has his allies formed the Progressive Party, also know as the ______.
- Bull Moose Party - embraced much of the Progressive agenda but not very successful
- William Taft
- after Roosevelt more conservative generally spported higher tariffs to protect US industry from competition
- Wilson's approach to discrimination:
- he segregated government offices
- Woodrow Wilson
- 28th Preisdent (after Taft) wanted to lower the tariff, said that if you do, it would increase trade and force businesses to be more efficient and competitive