A/S - Pain Management
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- What do we tx pain in vet med?
- anything considered painful in humans considered painful in animals, owner concerns, new generation anesthetics have rapid recovery w/ little/no post-op sedation or analgesia, human studies show incr survival rates and recovery times e/ eff pain mgmt
- What are the goals of pain mgmt?
- allow pt to move, eat, & sleep w/o undue discomfort
- Pain mgmt is focused on the first ___ hours after routine surg, but may be longer w/ a sever trauma or esp painful surg
- 12-24 hours
- What is a nociceptor?
- sensory nerve cells in skin or deep tissues that can detect a noxious stimulus and convert it to nerve impulses
- Nerve impulsesa re xmitted by a chain or ar least 3 neurons - name these neurons
- sensory neurons in tissue, spinal cord neuron, brain neuron (where pain is perceived)
- Name the two types of sensory neurons and what kind of pain they xmit
-
A Delta fibers - sharp, discrete pain
C fibers - dull/aching/throbbing pain - What is somatic pain?
- pain in skin, SC, muscle, bones, joints
- What is visceral pain?
- pain of internal organs
- What are three intensities of pain?
- mild, moderate, severe
- What are two terms for duration of pain? Which more responsive to analgesia?
- Acute & chronic, acute more responsive to analgesia
- What is referred pain?
- pain felt in a body part other than the cause
- What is hyperesthesia?
- increased sensitivity to stimulus
- What is neuropathic pain?
- pain due to direct damage to peripheral nerves or spinal cord - often poorly responsive to analgesics
- What type of tissue experiences more pain - examples
- tissues w/ lg # of nerves or nerve endings - ears, eyes, bones, joints, nerves, cervical discs
- What is more painful - abdominal or thoracic surg?
- thoracic
- What species "hide" pain?
- prey species
- Name some indicators of pain
- decr activity, restlessness, limping, guarding a body part, incr heart &/or resp rate, abnormal body posture, pupil dialtion, depression, lack of appetite, vocalization, shaking, sleeplessness, licking/chewing
- In general, the more pain indicators present and the more pronounced they are, the ___ the animal is experiencing pain
- more