Module 4/Chapter 24/Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems/Pathological Conditions
Terms
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- anemia
- A reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells.
- aneurysm
- Localized balloon-like enlargement of an artery
- Angia pectoris
- Left-sided chest pain due to enadequate blood and oxygenation of the heart muscle
- arrhythmia
- Irregularity of heart rhythm
- arteriectomy
- Surgical removal of part of an artery
- arteriosclerosis
- Hardening of the arteries
- atheroma
- Plaque formation (fatty deposit) within the arterial wall
- atherosclerosis
- Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of plaque formation
- CAD
- Coronary artery disease -- atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
- carditis
- inflammation of the heart
- claudication
- Pain and weakness in the leg when walking, due to peripheral vascular disease.
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Abnormalities in the heart occurring at birth.
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Narrowing of the aorta (congenital heart disease)
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Duct between aorta and pulmonary artery which normally closes soon after birth, remains open (congenital heart disease)
- Septal defects
- Small holes in the septa between the atria and ventricles (congenital heart disease)
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Cousing cyanosis (blue baby) at birth (congenital heart disease)
- CHF
- Congestive heart failure -- inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs.
- Dyscrasia
- Any abnormal blood condition
- embolus
- Floating clot
- fibrillation
- Rapid,random and ineffective contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
- flutter
- Cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid but regular (may reach up to 300 beats per minute)
- gallop
- Heart rate increases -- three sounds heard
- heart murmur
- An abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of a heart valve.
- hemorrhage
- Loss of blood over a short time
- hemorrhoids
- Varicose veins near the anus
- hypertension
- Elevated blood pressure
- idiopathic
- arising spontaneously or from an obscure or unknown cause
- Essential Hypertension
- Cause unknown. Abnormally high systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurring in the absence of any evident cause
- Secondary Hypertension
- Cause known. Only 5% of patients have "secondary hypertension." Secondary hypertension has a clearly identifiable cause, such as kidney disease, that generates the heightened blood pressure. Treating the primary cause successfully usually resolves secondary hypertension.
- infarct
- Localized area of necrosis (death of tissue)caused by interruption of blood supply.
- Ischemia
- Deficiency of blood supply due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
- MI
- Myocardial infarction or heart attack -- occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium
- Mitral stenosis
- Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve.
- MVP
- Mitral valve prolapse -- abnormal protrusion of the mitral valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve.
- occlusion
- Closure of a blood vessel
- pacemaker
- Electronic device implanted under the skin to regulate heartbeat
- palpitation
- Pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm
- pericarditis
- Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart.
- petechiae
- Small pinpoint hemorrhages (red spots) found under the surface of the skin.
- phlebitis
- Inflammation of a vein
- Tachycardia
- Fast heartbeat
- Thrombus
- Blood clot
- bradycardia
- slow beating (of the heart)
- Valvulitis
- Inflammation of a heart valve.
- Varicose veins
- Abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the leg.