Protozoa
Terms
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- Entamoeba histolytica
-
- amebiasis: bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess, right upper quadrant pain
- cysts in water
- METRONIDAZOLE & IODOQUINOL - Giardia lamblia
-
- giardiasis: bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea
- cysts in water
- METRONIDAZOLE - Cryptosporidium
-
- severe diarrhea in AIDS
- mild, watery diarrhea in non-HIV
- NO TREATMENT - Toxoplasma
-
- brain abscess in HIV
- birth defects
- cysts in meat or cat feces
- SULFADIAZINE & PYRIMETHAMINE -
Plasmodium:
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. falciparum -
- malaria: cyclic fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
- malaria: severe-cerebral
- anopheles mosquito
- CHLOROQUINE, SULFADOXINE & PYRAMETHAMINE, MEFLOQUINE, QUININE
- PRIMAQUINE for P. vivax and P. ovale - Trichomonas vaginalis
-
- vaginitis: foul-smelling, greenish discharge, itching, burning
- STD
- METRONIDAZOLE - Trypanosoma cruzi
-
- Chagas' disease: cardiomegaly and megacolon
- Reduviid bug
- NIFURTIMOX -
Trypanosoma:
T. gambiense
T. rhodesiense -
- African sleeping sickness
- Tsetse fly
- SURAMIN for blood-borne disease or MELARSOPROL for CNS penetration - Leishmania donovani
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- visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
- sandfly
- macrophages with amastigotes
- SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE - Babesia
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- babesiosis (similar to malaria, but doesn't affect liver)
- ixodes tick
- blood smear, no RBC pigment, appears as "maltese cross"
- QUININE, CLINDAMYCIN - Naegleria
-
- rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
- swimming in freshwater lakes
- amebas in spinal fluid
- NO TREATMENT - What are the forms of leishmaniasis?
-
1. cutaneous leishmaniasis
simple cutaneous lesions
diffuse cutaneous lesions
2. mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
3. visceral leishmaniasis (massive splenomegaly)