Chap 1-6

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Terms

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Axiology: questions about what is worth knowing
Charmed loops: Rules of meaning are consistent when hierarchy is repeated
Communication (def): A social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in ther environment
Concepts (def): labels for most important parts of a theory
Content: the conversion of raw data into meaning
Content analysis: a technique for textual analysis involving coding units into finite categories
Context (def): environments in which communication takes place
Coordinated Management of Meaning (assumptions): Humans live in communication (reality is symbolic meanings), humans co-create a social reality (conversations, experiences), information transactions depend on personal and interpersonal meaning (meshing, coordinating, making sense)
Coordinated Management of Meaning (creators): Pearce and Cronen
Coordinated Management of Meaning (critique): scope (too broad, abstract), parsimony (worldview, open-ended), Utility (very much so), Heurism (again, obviously so).
Coordinated Management of Meaning (def): how individuals established rules for creating and interpreting meaning, and how those rules are used in social contexts
Coordination (def): use of hierarchies to process a communication, when two peopel come together to make sense out of sequence of communication
Coordination (influences): resources(what you can use), higher moral order (limits and boundaries, values and ideas)
covering law approach: theories should follow if-then formats and should be universal, invariant statements (metatheory)
Critical approach: an approach stressing the researcher's responsibility to change the inequities in the status quo
Cultural Patterns: images of the world and a person's relationship to it
Depth interviews: semistructured on unstructured interviews lasting at least one hour aimed at collectin rich descriptions from respondents
Environment (def): situation or context in which communication occurs
Episodes: communication routines that have recognized beginnings, middles, endings
epistemology (def): questions about how we know things
Evaluating Theories (characteristics): scope, logical consistency, parsimony, utility, testability, heurism, time
Experimental research: a specific research method where researchers manipulate conditions
Heurism: leads to more research and new ideas
Hierarchy of Organized Meaning (characteristics): Content, Speech Act, Episodes, Relationship/Contract, Life Scripts, Cultural Patterns
Interactional Model (def): same as linear, but circular and added notion of feedback and field of experience
Intercultural Communication (def): communication between people from different cultures/backgrounds
Interpersonal (def): face-to-face communication
Interpretive Approach (also hermeneutic): an approach viewing truth as subjective and stressing the participation of the researcher in the research process
Intrapersonal (def): communication with oneself (linked to self esteem)
Life Scripts: clusters of past or present episodes that create a system of manageable meanings with others
Linear model (critique): only one message can be sent at a time, clear beginning and end, clearly defined sender and receiver
Linear model (def): Sender->Message->Receiver with noise
Linear Model(critique): still one-sided...
Logical consistency: needs to make sense, be sane, no contridictions
Mass Communication (def): communication to large audience via mass media
Metatheory: theory about how to develop theories
Mind (characteristics): Cant interact until you know symbols, can know symbols without interactions, thinking is an inner conversation using symbols, and one can role-play
Mind (def): the ability to use symbils with common social meanings
Noise (def and example): distortion in channel not intended by the source Semantic, physical, psychological, physiological
Ontology (def): questions about the nature of reality
Organization (def): communication within and among large, extended environments, as businesses and other institutions
Paradigm (def): intellectual traditions that ground specific theories
Parsimony: simplicity, few complications
Positivistic Approach (also empirical): an approach assuming the existence of objective reality and value-neutral research
Process (def): ongoing, dynamic, and unending occurrence
Public (def): dissemination of information from one person to a large group (speech), often using rhetoric (persuasion)
Qualitative methods of inquiry: methods that require data to be interpreted through sense-making analyses
Quantative methods of inquiry: methods that require data to be converted to numbers and subjected to statistical analyses
Relationship/Contract: agreement and understanding between two people
Relationships (def): the ways in which the concepts of a theory are combined
Rules (characteristics): constitutive (organize behavior to understand how meaning should be interpreted) and regulative (guidelines for people's behavior, what to do next)
Rules approach: theories should follow a format that lists rules in given contexts and should acknowledge variability across situations, cultures, and time (metatheory)
Scope: beadth of communication behaviors covered in the theory, needs to have limits
Self (characteristics): looking-glass self (same as self definition), Pygmalion effect (live up to or down to other's expectations), Me (presented self), I (intuitive self)
Self (def): imagining how we look to another person, the ability to reflect on oneself through another's view
Self-fulfilling prophecy: a prediction about yourself causing you to behave in such a way that it becomes true
situational contexts (def): environments limited by a number of issues, including people, space, and feedback
Small Group (def): individuals who work together to achieve a goal or accomplish tasks
Social (def): the notion that people and interactions are part of the communication process
Society (characteristics): particularized (well-known people), generalized (culture, public)
Society (def): the web of social relationships humans create and respond to
Speech Act: action we perform by speaking (complimenting, arguing, questioning)
Strange loop: rules of meaning change within loop when repeated
Survey research: a specific research emthod asking participants to respiond to written questionnaires
Symbol (def): arbitrary label given to a phenomenon
Symbolic Interaction Theory (assumptions): The importance of meanings for human behavior, the importance of self-concept, the relationship between individual and society
Symbolic Interaction Theory (creator): Mead (George Herbert), with student Herbert Blumer (University of Chicago)
Symbolic Interaction Theory (critique): scope (too broad), utiltiy (focus in individual, ignore emotions, self-esteem), and testability (vague concepts, not directly observable)
Systems approach (characteristics): wholeness (fundamental!, more than sum of parts), interdependence (elements are interrelated), hierarchy (organization), boundaries (limits w/i organization), calibration/feedback (check what is allowable), equifinity (different pathways to same end)
Systems approach (def): theories should follow a format that maps the systemic properties of a phenomenon, takes the postion that people have free will, which is sometimes contrained by systemic factors (metatheory)
Test of time: still relavent, debated, studied?, durability
Testability: can you test the accuracy of the claims?, prove or disprove
Textual analysis: a specific research method requiring researchers to analyze a particular text (see content analysis)
The importance of meanings for human behavior (sub-assumptions): Humans act toward others on the basis of meanings those others have for them, meaning is created in interaction between people, and meaning is modified through an interpretive process
the importance of self-concept (perceptions about oneself)(sub-assumptions): Individuals develop self-concepts through interaction with others, self concepts provide an important motive for behavior
the relationship between individual and society (sub-assumptions): People and groups are influenced by cultural and social processes, Social structure is worked out through social interaction
Theory (def): an abstract system of concepts and their relationships that help us to understand a phenomenon
Transactional Model (def): communicator<-message->communicator, each with a field of experience and some shared
Triangulation: an approach to research involving multiple methods (quantative and qualitative), normally fails
Unwanted Repetitive patterns: recurring, undesirable conflicts in relationships
Utility: is there practical value?

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