ap psychology review
Terms
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- dualism
- separation of world into two part: mind and spirit
- tabula rasa
- blank slate; Locke; learning is innate
- psyche
- "mind"
- pineal gland
- controls circadian rhythms
- empiricism
- school of thought by John Locke; acquiring truth through observations and experiences
- functionalism
- william james; first psychology textbook
- Watson
- little albert experiment; applied classical conditioning to fear.
- BF skinner
- operant conditioning; skinner box
- humanistic approach
- roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness of the human condition.
- correlational research
- does not prove causation; assesses degree of association between two or more things.
- descriptive statistics
- summarizes data
- inferential statistics
- allow researchers to test hypotheses about data to determine validity of inferences of data.
- CAT, MRI
- show brain imaging, not as it is working
- PET, EEG, fMRI
- show brain differences in electrical activity (EEG) or brain activity.
- afferent neurons
- sensory; sending information TO the brain
- efferent neurons
- motor; from the brain
- hindbrain
- cerebellum, medulla oblongata, RAS, pons, thalamus
- Cerebellum
- controls muscle tone and balance
- medulla oblongata
- homeostasis concerns (basic life functions)
- RAS
- (reticular activating system) controls arousal (wakefullness and alertness)
- pons
- "bridge"; passes neural information from one brain region to another
- thalamus
- relays sensory information; receives and directs sensory info from visual and auditory systems; conveys info about balance and pain
- midbrain
- hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus
- hippocampus
- learning and memory formation.
- anterograde amnesia
- cannot form new memories
- retrograde amnesia
- cannot remember old memories
- amygdala
- emotional control
- hypothalamus
- temperature control, water balance of the body, hunger and sex drives; activates sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
- lateral hypothalamus
- activation makes person feel hungry
- ventromedial hypothalamus
- suppresses hunger
- forebrain
- cerebral cortex, sensory cortex, motor cortex
- cerebral cotrex
- wrinkled, outer layer of the brain
- sensory cortex
- recieves sensory input
- motor cortex
- sends out motor information
- brocas area
- ability to speak
- expressive aphasia
- loss of ability to produce speech
- wernickes area
- area in left temporal lobe that deals with comprehending speech
- receptive aphasia
- inability to comprehend speech
- dopamine
- associated with movement, attention, and reward; dopamine imbalances may play a role in parkinsons disease and schizophrenia
- GABA
- inhibitory neurotransmitter
- endorphins
- natural pain killers
- subliminal perception
- preconscious processing that occurs when we are presented with stimuli so rapidly that we are not consciously aware of them.
- receptive field
- area from which our receptor cells receive input