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ap psychology review

Terms

undefined, object
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dualism
separation of world into two part: mind and spirit
tabula rasa
blank slate; Locke; learning is innate
psyche
"mind"
pineal gland
controls circadian rhythms
empiricism
school of thought by John Locke; acquiring truth through observations and experiences
functionalism
william james; first psychology textbook
Watson
little albert experiment; applied classical conditioning to fear.
BF skinner
operant conditioning; skinner box
humanistic approach
roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness of the human condition.
correlational research
does not prove causation; assesses degree of association between two or more things.
descriptive statistics
summarizes data
inferential statistics
allow researchers to test hypotheses about data to determine validity of inferences of data.
CAT, MRI
show brain imaging, not as it is working
PET, EEG, fMRI
show brain differences in electrical activity (EEG) or brain activity.
afferent neurons
sensory; sending information TO the brain
efferent neurons
motor; from the brain
hindbrain
cerebellum, medulla oblongata, RAS, pons, thalamus
Cerebellum
controls muscle tone and balance
medulla oblongata
homeostasis concerns (basic life functions)
RAS
(reticular activating system) controls arousal (wakefullness and alertness)
pons
"bridge"; passes neural information from one brain region to another
thalamus
relays sensory information; receives and directs sensory info from visual and auditory systems; conveys info about balance and pain
midbrain
hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus
hippocampus
learning and memory formation.
anterograde amnesia
cannot form new memories
retrograde amnesia
cannot remember old memories
amygdala
emotional control
hypothalamus
temperature control, water balance of the body, hunger and sex drives; activates sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
lateral hypothalamus
activation makes person feel hungry
ventromedial hypothalamus
suppresses hunger
forebrain
cerebral cortex, sensory cortex, motor cortex
cerebral cotrex
wrinkled, outer layer of the brain
sensory cortex
recieves sensory input
motor cortex
sends out motor information
brocas area
ability to speak
expressive aphasia
loss of ability to produce speech
wernickes area
area in left temporal lobe that deals with comprehending speech
receptive aphasia
inability to comprehend speech
dopamine
associated with movement, attention, and reward; dopamine imbalances may play a role in parkinsons disease and schizophrenia
GABA
inhibitory neurotransmitter
endorphins
natural pain killers
subliminal perception
preconscious processing that occurs when we are presented with stimuli so rapidly that we are not consciously aware of them.
receptive field
area from which our receptor cells receive input

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