HazMat Tech
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Atom
- contains Proton, Neutron, Electron
- Acid
- pH less than 7
- Air Reactivity
- material can react or ignite if they are exposed to air
- Biological Agents and Toxins
- produce disease and are living microorganisms that can mutate and become more deadly
- Boiling Point
- temp of transition from liquid to gas
- Catalyst
- controls rate of chemical reactions by speeding it up or slowing it down
- Endothermic
- heat absorbing
- Exothermic
- heat Producing
- Chemical Interactions
- 2 or more chemicals are incompatible
- Chemical Reactivity
- substances propensity to release energy or undergo change
- Compound, Mixture
- separate elements that bond together to form a mixture
- Compunds
- some elements cannot exist in unstable conditions, they bond with themselves, or other elements to form compounds
- Concentration
- amt of Acid/Base compared to Amt of Water
- Corrosivity
- concentration of hydrogen ions in the material being used
- Critical Temperature
- min Temp at which a gas can be liquified no matter how much pressure is applied
- Critical Pressure
- pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to it's liquid state
- Element
- substance made up of one kind of atom
- Expansion Ratio
- amt of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature
- Flammable/Explosive Range
- diff between the upper and lower flammable limits
- LEL
- min Concentration of vapor to air below which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source
- UEL
- max vapor to air concentration above which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source
- Fire Point
- temp when enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning
- Flash Point
- minimum temp at which a material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air and will NOT continue to burn
- Halogenated Hydrocarbons
- decompose into smaller, more harmful elements when exposed to high temps for long periods of time
- Ignition Temperature
- min temp a material must be raised before it will ignite
- Inhibitor
- added to products to control their chem. reaction
- Instability
- materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and are generally considered unstable
- Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- materials Made through the sharing or transfer of electrons
- Metals and Non-Metals
- metals form Ionic Bonds with non-metals, and non-metals form covalent bonds with non-metals
- Salts
- is an ionic bond involving a metal and non-metal that results in a transfer of electrons
- Non-Salt
- covalent Bond involving two non-metals that results in a transfer of electrons
- Irritants
- cause respiratory distress and copious tearing
- Matter
- anything that has mass and occupies space
- Max safe storage temp (MSST)
- max temp that Organic Peroxide may be stored safely
- Melting Point
- temp at which a solid becomes a liquid
- Freezing Point
- temp at which a liquid converts to a solid
- Mixture
- substance with more than one molecule physically mixed together, but not bonded together
- Miscibility
- tendency or ability of 2 or more liquids to dissolve in each other
- Nerve Agents
- substances that interfere with the central nervous system
- Organic
- materials that are living or once were living
- Inorganic
- materials that lack carbon-chains but may contain a carbon atom
- Oxidation Potential
- combination of anything with oxygen or propensity to yield oxygen
- pH
- hydrogen ion concentraton
- Polymerizaton
- chem reaction when small molecules form larger molecules
- Radioactivity
- ability of a material to emit radioactivity
- Saturated Hydrocarbons
- materials in which the carbon atoms are linked by only single covalent bonds
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- materials that have at least one multiple bond between carbon atoms
- Self-accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT)
- irreversible decomposition will begin when some portion of the mass of organic peroxide reaches this temp
- Solution
- mixture with all ingredients completely dissolved
- Vapor Pressure
- pressure of vapor above the liquid in a container
- Vapor Density
- weight of a vapor compared to AIR
- Vesicants (blister agents)
- extremely toxic, with symptoms not appearing for min, hrs, or days
- Volatility
- ease at which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state
- Viscosity
- measure of thickness of a liquid
- Water Reactivity
- sensitivity of a material to water
- Parts per Million/Billion
- degree of hazard and values used to establish exposure limits
- Lethal Dose (LD50)
- cause of death of 50% of a group exposed by any route other than inhalation
- Lethal Concentration (LC50)
- amt of material in the air that is expected to kill 50% of a group (inhalation)
- Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- an OSHA term for max concentration to which 95% of people can be exposed for 8 hrs a day / 40 hrs a week
- Threshold Limit Value Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
- max concentration, to which a healthy adult can be exposed for 8 hrs a day / 40 hrs a week
- Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)
- max avg concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed for up to 15 minutes
- Threshold LImit Value Ceiling (TLV-C)
- max concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed w/o risk of injury
- Immediately Dangerous To Life and Health Value (IDLH)
- max level where a healthy worker can be exposed to 30 min w/o suffering irreversable health effects
- Alpha
- positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive materials
- Beta
- can damage skin tissue. Class A and SCBA will protect
- Gamma
- causes skin burns and can damage internal organs
- Units of Measurement for Radioactive Exposure
- activity, quantity gamma, and absorbed Dose
- Rad
- radiation absorbed dose
- REM
- the reontgen equivalent man
- Reontgen
- international unit of intensity of X-Rays or Gamma Rays
- Half-Life
- measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive material. time needed for a given amt of radioactive material to change to another nuclear form of element
- Inverse Square Law
- the effect from a localized source spreads uniformly throughout the surrounding space
- Time, Distance, and Shielding
- methods of protecting oneself from harmful exposures to radiation