Medical terminology Chapters 5-9
Terms
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- Crani/o
- Cranium (skull)
- Clavicul/o
- Clavicle (collarbone)
- Cost/o
- Cost (rib)
- Scapul/o
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Stern/o
- Sternum (breastbone)
- Spin/o, Vertebr/o, Spondyl/o
- vertebrae (in general)
- thorac/o
- thoracic vertebrae
- lum/o
- lumbar vertebrae
- sacr/o
- sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
- coccyg/o
- coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
- pel/vi, ili/o
- ilium (pelvic bone)
- ischi/o
- ishium (pelvic bone)
- pub/o
- pubis (pelvic bone)
- humer/o
- humerus (upper arm bone)
- radi/o
- radiant energy (or radius in forearm)
- uln/o
- ulna (bone of the forearm)
- carp/o
- carpals (wrist bones)
- metacarp/o
- meatacarpals (bone of the hand)
- phalang/o
- phalanges (bones of the fingers)
- femor/o
- femur (thigh bone)
- patell/o
- patella (kneecap)
- fibul/o
- fibula (bone of the lower leg)
- tibi/o
- tibia (bone of the lower leg)
- tars/o
- tarsals (ankle bones)
- metatars/o
- metatarsals (bones of the feet)
- ankyl/o
- stiff
- arthr/o
- articulation, joint
- asthenia
- weakness
- burs/o
- bursa
- calc/i
- calcium
- chondr/o
- cartilage
- de-
- down, from, or reversing
- meta-
- change or next in a series
- muscul/o or my/o
- muscle
- myel/o
- bone marrow or spinal cord
- oste/o
- bone
- para-
- near, beside or abnormal
- -poesis
- production
- rheumat/o
- rheumatism
- ten/o, tend/o or tendin/o
- tendon
- Beneath the cartilage
- subchondral
- Destruction of muscle
- myolysis
- Excision of a rib
- costectomy
- Inflammation of a joint
- arthritis
- Paralysis of all four extremeties
- quadriplegia
- pertaining to the upper arm bone
- humeral
- pertaining to the collarbone
- clavicular
- pertaining to the tailbone
- coccygeal
- prolapse of the ankle
- tarsoptosis
- surgical repair of the skull
- cranioplasty
- Rachialgia
- painful spine
- myocele
- fascial hernia
- Inflammation of the vertebrae
- spondylitis
- between the ribs
- intercostal
- excision of a portion of the skull
- craniectomy
- broken bone that is visible through an opening in the skin
- compound fracture
- articulation
- joint
- rupture of an invertebral disk
- herniated disk
- What does osteoid mean?
- resembling bone
- What term refers to the bones that are located between the toes and the bones of the ankle?
- metatarsals
- A disorder that is characterized by progressive wasting of muscle
- muscular dystrophy
- examination with an arthroscope
- arthroscopy
- The clavical bone is also known as what?
- collarbone
- Lateral curvature of the spine
- scoliosis
- A complex of symptoms that results from pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel of the wrist
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Severe chest pain and Constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself
- Angina pectoris
- Irregularity or loss of rhthym of the heartbeat
- Arrhythmia
- Enlarged size of the heart
- Cardiomegaly
- Abnormalities present in the heart at birth
- Congenital heart defects
- A condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body.
- Congestive Heart failure
- An abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium
- Coronary artery disease
- A severe cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation
- Fibrillation
- An electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often thru placement of electrodes on the chest
- defibrillator
- A clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adequate circulation of the blood.
- heart failure
- Angi/o, Vas/o, Vascul/o
- vessel
- Aort/o
- aorta
- arteri/o
- artery
- arteriol/o
- arteriole
- ather/o
- yellow, fatty plaque
- phelb/o or ven/o
- vein
- venul/o
- venule
- adenoid/o
- adenoids
- cervic/o
- neck (or the uterine cervix)
- ech/o or son/o
- sound
- -emia, hem/a, or hem/o
- blood
- extra-
- outside
- home/o
- sameness
- lymph/o
- lymph or lymphatics
- lymphat/o
- lymphatics
- my/o
- muscle
- pulmon/o
- lung
- roentgen/o
- x-ray
- splen/o
- spleen
- thromb/o
- thrombus, blood clot
- vascul/o
- vessel
- Coronary artery disease
- CAD
- Increased pulse
- Tachycardia
- High blood pressure
- Hypertension
- record of the heart and great vessels
- Electrocardiogram
- radiography of the heart an great vessels
- Angiocardiography
- Formation of fatty deposits on the artial walls
- Atheroclerosis
- blockage
- Occlusion
- Surical repair of blood vessels
- Angioplasty
- decreased pulse
- bradycardia
- death of part of the heart muscle
- myocardial infarction
- use of ultrasound in diagnosing heart disease
- echocardiography
- the fluid thatis transported by lymphatic vessels
- lymph
- Which procedure allows direct visualization inside a hollow organ or cavity using a device that consists of a tube and optical system?
- Endoscopy
- Severe pain and constriction about the heart caused by insufficient blood supply
- angina pectoris
- The sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by foreign material that has been brought by circulating blood
- embolism
- An irregularity of the heart beat
- dysrhythmia
- Roentgenography of the lymphatic vessels
- lyphangiography
- The passage of a long flexible tube into the heart chamber through a vien
- Catheterization
- An enlarged spleen
- splenomegaly
- Any disease of the lymph nodes
- lymphadenopathy
- balooning out of a vessel wall
- aneurysm
- below normal blood pressure
- hypotension
- Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels
- lymphangitis
- Pertaining to the lining of the heart
- endocardial
- Surgical repair of the aorta
- aortoplasty
- The smallest blood vessels
- capillaries
- xray of the lymphatic vessels and nodes
- lymphangiography
- A sac, made up of a double membrane, than encloses the heart
- Pericardium
- inflammation of the pericardium
- Pericarditis
- A lining inside the heart
- Endocardium
- heart muscle
- myocardium
- Inflammation of the heart muscle
- Myocarditis
- A general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart
- cardiomyopathy
- The absorbtion of oxygen from the air and the removal of CO2 by the lungs.
- External respiration (Breathing)
- The state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body.
- Homeostasis.
- Breathing of air into the lungs
- Inspiration (aka Inhalation)
- Breathing of air out of the lungs
- Expiration (aka exhalation)
- Labored or difficult breathing
- Dyspnea
- Temporary absence of breathing
- Apnea
- A condition in which breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting or standing
- Orthpnea
- Normal respiration
- Eupnea
- Abnormally slow breathing
- Bradypnea
- Respirations exceeding 25 breaths per minute; may be the result of excercise, physical exertion, or disease
- Tachypnea
- Increased respiratory rate that is deeper than normal
- Hyperpnea
- Increased aeration of the lungs, which may reduce CO2 in the body and disrupt homeostasis
- hyperventilation
- A measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled from the lungs
- Spirometry
- The largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maxiumum inspiration
- vital capacity
- inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function
- acute respiratory failure
- Deficiency of oxygen, can be caused by respiratory disorders and disease
- anoxia or hypoxia
- Suffocation
- Asphyxiation
- A muscular wall that seperates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
- The Diaphragm (it contracts and relaxes with each inspiration and expiration)
- Pertaining to the diaphragm
- Phrenic
- The membrane surrounding each lung
- Pleura
- The space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
- Pleural cavity
- An inflammation of the pleura
- Pleuritis, also called pleurisy
- examination of the bronchi through a bronchoscope
- bronchoscopy
- Examination of the interior of the larynx
- Laryngoscopy
- Removal of small pieces of lung tissue for the purpose of diagnosis
- Lung biopsy
- A biopsy in which a segment of lung is removed after the surgeon has incised the chest
- Open lung biopsy
- A biopsy in which tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin
- Percutaneous biopsy
- Surgical removal of all or part of a lung
- Pneumonectomy
- Plastic surgery of the nose
- Rhinoplasty
- Surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid
- Thoracocentesis
- Incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea; usually performed for insertion of a tube
- Tracheotomy
- An opening into the trachea by surgical means
- Tracheostomy
- A disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia
- Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Paroxymal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by spasm of the brochial tubes or swelling of their mucous membrane
- Asthma
- A whistling sound made during respiration
- Wheeze
- Occuring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms
- Paroxysmal
- A condition in which the lungs of a fetus remain expanded at birth, OR a collapsed or airless condition of the lung usually caused by injury
- Atelectasis
- Chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
- Bronchiectasis
- radiography of the bronchi after a radioplaque substance has been injected
- Bronchography
- Lung cancer
- Carcinoma of the lung
- A disease process that decreases the ability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function; may result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aslo called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
- A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of aveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty breathing
- Emphysema
- Blood in the pleural cavity
- Hemothorax
- An acute contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever, muscular discomfort. Caused by different types of viruses
- Influenza
- Inflammation of the larynx
- Laryngitis
- A condition caused by inhalation of dust particles; frequently seen in occupations like mining and stone cutting
- Pneumoconiosis
- An accumulation of fluid in lung tissues and aveoli, often caused by CHF
- Pulmonary edema
- a blockage of pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat,air, tumor, or blood clot
- Pulmonary embolism
- A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of the dust of stone, sand, or flint that contains silica
- Silicosis
- The sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant who has no physical evidence of disease that occurs during sleep
- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; it is often chronic in nature and commonly affects the lungs althought can occur elswhere in body
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- The lidlike structure that covers the larynx during the swallowing of food
- Epiglottis
- Inflammation of the nose
- Rhinitis
- Labored breathing
- Dyspnea
- Pertaining to the lungs
- Pulmonary
- Inflammation of the throat
- Pharyngitis
- Pertaining to the alveoli
- Alveolar
- Examination of the larynx
- laryngoscopy
- another name for pnuemonia..
- Pneumonitis
- The instrument used in bronchoscopy
- Bronchoscope
- The material raised from inflammed membranes of the respiratory tract
- Sputum
- Which structure is inflammed in rhinitis
- The nose
- A tumorlike growth on the vocal cords
- laryngeal polyp
- A weak voice
- dyphonia
- pertaining to the chest
- Thoracic
- Pertaining to the throat
- pharyngeal
- Subdivisions of the bronchi
- Bronchioles
- The windpipe
- Trachea
- The process of providing nutrition for the body
- Alimentation
- Excessive leaness caused by disease or lackof nutrition
- Emaciation
- loss of appetite for food
- Anorexia
- A disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat and often accompanied by psychological stress or conflict
- Anorexia nervosa
- a type of emotional disorder associated with episodes of binge eating and often terminates in self0induced vomiting
- Bulimia
- Depletion of nutrients from body cells
- malnutrition
- The 3 major classes of nutrients
- Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats
- the enzyme that breaks down lactose (a type of sugar)
- Lactase
- The enzyme that acts on the sugar found in fruit (which is frutose)
- Fructase
- The enzyme that breaks down starch
- amylase
- Enzyme that breaks down protein
- Protease or Proteinase
- The enzyme that breaks down a lipid (fat)
- Lipase
- Elevated cholesterol
- hyperlipidemia
- An abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body
- Obesity
- A word that means vomiting
- emesis
- Things that can interfere with proper nutrition
- hyperemesis and diarrhea
- Medications that relieve or prevent vomiting
- Antiemetics
- When output of body fluid exceeds fluid intake
- Dehydration
- Excessive thirst
- Polydipsia
- cheil/o
- lips
- dent/i, dent/o, or odont/o
- teeth
- gingiv/o
- gums
- gloss/o or lingu/o
- tongue
- or/o or stomat/o
- mouth
- esophag/o
- esophagus
- gastr/o
- stomach
- intestin/o or enter/o
- intestines
- duoden/o
- duodenum (division of the small intestines)
- jejun/o
- jejunum (division of the small intestines)
- ile/o
- ileum (division of the small intestines)
- col/o
- colon or large intestine
- append/o or appendic/o
- appendix
- cec/o
- cecum (division of large intestine)
- sigmoid/o
- sigmoid colon (division of large intestine)
- proct/o
- anus or rectum (division of large intestine)
- rect/o
- rectum (division of large intestine)
- an/o
- anus (division of large intestine)
- Organs that produce substances that are needed for proper digestion
- Accessory organs
- The accessory organs to the digestive system are...
- the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands
- Produced by the liver, used in the small intestines for the absorbtion of fats
- Bile
- Pertaining to the common bile duct
- Choledochal