Brainstem III
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Functionally, the brainstem can be conceptualized in what 4 groups?
-
1. Cranial Nerve Nuclei
2. Long Tracts (sensory & motor)
3. Cerebellar Circuitry
4. Reticular Formation -
Brainstem terminology:
What and where is the basis? - The basis is the most ventral portion of the brain stem where corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts course through.
-
Arrange these terms in dorsal to ventral order:
Tegmentum, Basis, Tectum -
Tectum - "roof", dorsal to aqueduct
Tegmentum - "covering", ventral to aqueduct
Basis - most ventral portion - The primary pyramidal decussation occurs in which brainstem region?
- cervicomedullary junction
- Bilateral lesions of the ventral portions of the pons, sparing midbrain and more caudal structures can result in what syndrome?
- Locked In Syndrome - due to lesioning of bilateral corticospinal tracts but sparing of sensory pathways - patient can't move but has intact sensation/cognition
- The rostral reticular formation is generally responsible for what functions?
- alertness/arousal - proximity to diencephalic nuclei & forebrain
- The caudal reticular formation is generally responsible for what functions?
- autonomic motor & reflex functions - proximity to cranial nerve nuclei & spinal cord
- Brainstem ischemia in what brainstem region is a classic cause of coma?
- pontomesencephalic reticular formation, (i.e. upper brainstem reticular formation)
- Primary brainstem dopaminergic projection systems are located in which region?
- midbrain - ventral tegmental & substantia nigra
- Raphe nuclei contain neurons rich in what neurotransmitter?
- Serotonin
- Wallenberg's syndrome is caused by lateral medullary infarcts and therefore motor involvement is or is not prominent?
- motor findings are NOT prominent as medial medulla carries pyramidal tract and is spared.
- The main vascular supply for the midbrain is the ...
-
PCA
posterior cerebral artery - The main vascular supply for the pons is the ...
- Basilar artery primarily but also anterior inferior cerebellar and lateral pontine arteries
- The inferior and superior colliculi are located in what brainstem region?
- Midbrain
- Sleep promoting systems are thought to be located in which brain stem region?
- Medullary reticular formation