Alexander's Empire
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- Aeschylus was an ancient Greek playwright. He is often recognized as the father or the founder of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedians whose plays survive. He expanded the number of characters in plays to allow for conflict among them; previously, characters interacted only with the chorus. Many of Aeschylus' works were influenced by the Persian wars which took place during his lifetime. His play The Persians remains a quintessential primary source of information about this period in Greek history.
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- Hippocrates or of Kos (ca. 460 BC - ca. 370 BC) was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles, and was considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the "father of medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic school of medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields that it had traditionally been associated with (notably theory and philosophy), thus making medicine a profession.
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- 'Phidias' (c.480 BC - c.430 BC), son of Charmides was an ancient Greek sculptor, painter and architect. Universally regarded as the greatest of all Classical sculptors. Phidias designed the statues of the goddess Athena on the Athenian Acropolis of Parthenon. As well as the colossal seated Statue of Zeus at Olympia in the 5th century BC.
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- Pythagoras(between 580 and 572 BC-between 500 and 490 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. He is often revered as a great mathematician, mystic and scientist; however some have questioned the scope of his contributions to mathematics or natural philosophy. He is best known for the Pythagorean Theorem which bears his name. Known as "the father of numbers", Pythagoras made influential contributions to philosophy and religious teaching in the late 6th century BC.
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- Parthenon is a building built during 5th century BC on the Acropolis in Athens. It is a temple built for the goddess Athena. It still stands today.
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- Demosthenes (384-322BC)was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of ancient Athenian intellectual prowess and provide a thorough insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of twenty, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.
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- The pentathlon was an athletic event in the Olympic Games of Ancient Greece. The name derives from Greek words for "five competitions." The five events were stadion (a short foot race), wrestling, which were also held as separate events, and the long jump, javelin throw and discus throw, which were not held as separate events then.
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- Socrates, of the deme Alopece of Athens, was a Classical Greek philosopher. He is best known for the creation of Socratic irony and the Socratic Method, or elenchus. Specifically, Socrates is renowned for developing the practice of a philosophical type of pedagogy, in which the teacher asks questions of the student to elicit the best answer, and fundamental insight, on the part of the student.Socrates is credited with exerting a powerful influence upon the founders of Western philosophy, most particularly Plato and Aristotle, and while Socrates' principal contribution to philosophy is in the field of ethics, he also made important and lasting contributions to the fields of epistemology and logic.
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- The Oresteia is a trilogy of tragedies about the end of the curse on the House of Atreus, written by Aeschylus. It is the only surviving trilogy of ancient Greek plays, although the fourth play, Proteus, a satyr play that would have been performed with it, has not survived. The trilogy was originally performed at the Dionysia festival in Athens in 458 BC, where it won first prize.
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- Sophocles (496 BC - 406 BC) was the second of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived to the present day. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 123 or more plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form, they are named Ajax, Antigone, Trachinian Women, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus.
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- Seleucus (ca. 358 BCE-281 BCE), was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great. In the wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire.
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- Aristarchus was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, born on the island of Samos, in ancient Greece. He was the first person to present an explicit argument for a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the known universe. His astronomical ideas were rejected in favor of the geocentric theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy until they were successfully revived by Copernicus and extensively developed and built upon by Kepler and Newton nearly 2000 years later.
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- Antigonus ("the One-eyed", so called from his having lost an eye) (382 BC - 301 BC) was a Macedonian nobleman, general, and satrap under Alexander the Great. He was a major figure in the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death. He established the Antigonid dynasty and declared himself king in 306 BC.
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- Claudius Ptolemaeus known in English as Ptolemy, was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer, and astrologer who flourished in Roman Egypt. He was probably born in Thebaid at a town called Ptolemais of Hermias and died in Alexandria. Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, three of which would be of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science
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- Eratosthenes was a famous Greek mathematician physicist astronomer and geographer.
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- Aristophanes (ca. 456 BC - ca. 386 BC), son of Philippus, was a Greek Old Comic dramatist. He is also known as the Father of Comedy and the Prince of Ancient Comedy.
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- Thales, (ca. 624 BC-ca. 546 BC), was a pre-Socratic Milesian philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, while some also consider him the "father of science".
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- Praxiteles of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus the Elder, was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue. While no indubitably attributable sculpture by Praxiteles is extant, numerous copies of his works have survived; contemporary authors, including Pliny the Elder, wrote of his oeuvres; and coins engraved with silhouettes of his various famous statuary types from the period still exist Myron of Eleutherae (Greek Μύρων) working c. 480-440 BC, was an Athenian sculptor from the mid-fifth century BC.[1] He was born in Eleutherae on the borders of Boeotia and Attica. According to Pliny's Natural History, Ageladas of Argos was his teacher.
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- Pythagoras(between 580 and 572 BC-between 500 and 490 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. He is often revered as a great mathematician, mystic and scientist; however some have questioned the scope of his contributions to mathematics or natural philosophy. He is best known for the Pythagorean Theorem which bears his name. Known as "the father of numbers", Pythagoras made influential contributions to philosophy and religious teaching in the late 6th century BC.
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- Euripides (480 BC-406 BC) was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens. Euripides had written ninety-five plays. Eighteen of Euripides plays have survived complete. Euripides is known primarily for having reshaped the formal structure of traditional Attic tragedy by showing strong women characters and intelligent slaves, and by satirizing many heroes of Greek mythology.
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- Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.