BIOL 2150 Exam 3
Terms
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- Physiology
- The study of how an organism works The study of the functions of all the parts and processes
- Homeostasis
- Maintaining constant conditions in an internal environment
- Set Points
- Aspects of homeostasis with specific regulations
- Features of a multicellular organism's internal environment
- Cells are bathed in extracellular fluid Cells are specialized Organ Systems
- Tissues
- An assemblance of cells Epithelial Muscle Connective Nervous
- Epithelial Tissue
- -Tightly packed cells -cover inner and outer body surfaces -Act as barriers -secretion, absorption, transport
- Muscle Tissue
- Most abundant tissue cells that can contract skeletal smooth cardiac
- Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- Attached to bones Voluntary movement
- Smooth Muscle Tissue
- Found in organs Involuntary movement Things like gastric contractions, etc.
- Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- Found only in the heart Can generate its own contractions
- Connective Tissue
- Loosely packed cells bathed in an extracellular fluid Made of: -Collagen -Elastin -Proteoglycan
- Proteoglycan
- protein + polysaccharide found in connective tissue
- Collagen
- gives structure to Connective tissues
- Elastin
- Gives flexibility to connective tissue
- Blood
- -Connective Tissue -Plasma is the extracellular matrix -Contains many proteins
- Fibrinogen
- A protein found in blood used in clotting
- Adipose
- -Stores fat in the form of triglycerides -Cushions organs -Prevents heat loss
- Bone
- -Harder Connective Tissue -Calcium Phosphate deposits
- Cartilage
- -Connective Tissue -Helps resist compression -Chondroitin Sulfate and Chondrocytes
- Nervous Tissue
- -Cannot regenerate -Processes information -Controls other organ systems
- Neuron
- -Nervous Tissue -Sends information from one location of the body to another
- Glial Cell
- -Nervous tissue -Surrounds neuron and takes care of its needs
- Endotherm
- Regulate body temperature by producing heat metabolically by activating heat-loss mechanisms -Goosebumps -Shivering
- Ectotherm
- Regulate body temperature by using external heat sources
- Heterotherm
- Behaves as both an endotherm AND an ectotherm *an animal that hibernates*
- Ways to Alter the rate of heat exchange with the environment
- -Conduction -Evaporation -Convection -Radiation
- Radiation
- Heat transfers by exchange of infrared radiation -What you feel when you stand in front of a fire
- Conduction
- Heat transfers when two objects of different temperatures come into contact
- Convection
- Heat transfers mediums as a medium flows over the surface of another -Wind flowing over water
- Evaporation
- Heat transfers away from a surface when water evaporates on that surface -sweating
- Basal Metabolic Rate
- The energy expended while an organism is at rest
- Thermoneutral Zone
- the range of temperatures at which an animal does not have to actively regulate its' body temperature.