pharmacology study guide
Terms
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- pharmacology
- the sutyd of drugs; the science that is concerned with the history, origin, sources, physical and chemical properties, uses, and effects of drugs on living organisms
- what are the 5 medical uses of drugs?
- therapeutic diagnostic curative preventative/prophylactic
- what is the medical use of a therapeutic drug? & example
- used in the treament of a condition or relieve symptoms. ex antihistamine
- what is the medical use of a diagnostic drug? & example
- used in conjunction with radiology and other diagnostic imaging procedures to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process. ex IVP dye
- what is the medical use of curative drugs? & example
- used to kill or to remove the causative agent of a disease. ex antibiotic
- what is the medical use of a replacement drug? & example
- used to replace substances normally found in the body. ex: hormones and vitamins
- what is the medical use of a preventative/prophylactic drug? & example
- used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease. ex: immunizations
- Name three types of drugs
- chemical generic trade/brand name
- Name the 6 sources of drugs.
- animal mineral plant synthetic gentically engineered bacteria/fungi
- animal
- insulin, anti-venom, fishoil
- minerals
- vitamins, iron
- plant
- aloe, morphine, cafiene
- synthetic
- tylenol, prozac
- gentically engineered
- hormones
- bacteria/fungi
- penicillian (pcn)
- Name the 11 things found on a drug label (not a prescription).
- 1. Description of tamper-resistant feature 2. Product Name 3. List of active ingredients 4. list of inactive ingredients 5. quantity 6. name and address of manufacturer, packer, or distributer 7. Indications of use 8. Warnings 9. Drug Interactions 10. Expiration date and lot or batch code
- Name the 4 most commonly used sections of a PDR (physician's Desk Reference)
- Pink Section - Brand Name and Generic Name 2. Blue Section - Classication or category (section 3) 3. White Section - Product Information (section 5) 4. White Section - Alphabetic arrangement by manufacturers (section 1)
- Name the 4 Prinicpal actions of drugs
- 1. Local 2. Remote 3. Systemic 4. Synergistic
- Local Action?
- The drug acts on the area to which it is administered
- Remote Action?
- A drug affects a part of the body that is distant from the site of administration
- Systemic Action?
- The drug is carried via the blood stream thoughout the body
- Synergistic Action?
- One Drug increases or counteracts the action of another
- What are the four factors that affect drug action?
- 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Biotransformation 4. Elimination
- Absorption?
- the process whereby the drug passes into the body fluids and tissues
- Distribution?
- the process whereby the drug is transported from the blood to the intended site of action
- Biotransformation?
- Is the chemical alteration that a drug undergoes in the body
- Elimination?
- The process whereby the drug is excreted from the body
- List the undesired actions of drugs.
- 1. side effect - action of the drug that may limit the usefulness of the drug (ex. diarrhea) 2. drug interaction - when one drug potentiates (increases or diminishes) the action of another drug 3. adverse reaction - unfavorable or harmful unintended action of a drug, such as an allergic reaction
- Name the parts of a prescription.
- 1. Patient's Name 2. Date 3. Drug Name 4. Drug Dosage 5. Directions (sig) of use (how many, how taken, how often, how long) 6. Quantity 7. Number of refills 8. Generic or brand required 9. Doctors Signature
- What are the 3 factors that determine drug dosage?
- 1. age 2. weight 3. sex
- What are the 6 Rights of proper drug administration?
- 1. Right Drug 2. Right Dose 3. Right route 4. Right Time 5. Right Patient 6. Right Documentation
- what are the four ways to administer parenteral medications(injections)?
- 1. Intramuscular 2. Subcutaneous 3. Intradermal (D) 4. Z-Track Method
- Name the Intramuscular: abbreviation? injection site? needle? angle? commonly used for?
- IM Deltoild Muscles 1"-3" 90 degree immunizations
- Name the Subcutaneous: abbreviation? injection site? needle? angle? commonly used for?
- SC or Sub Q bingo wing 5/8" 45 degree immunizations an allergy shots
- Name the Intradermal: abbreviation? injection site? needle? angle? commonly used for?
- ID forearm 1/2" 5-10 degree ppd
- Name the Z-Track Method: abbreviation? injection site? needle? angle? commonly used for?
- exact same as IM, except that the skin is pulled to the side before needle insertion. its used for medications that are irritating to the subcutaneous tissue and may discolor the skin. ex. Imeron