Sleep & Dreams Chp 2
Terms
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- Hypnagogic Imagery / Hypnagogic Hallucionations
- entails traditionally vague and disconnected images often experienced at the onset of sleep
- Hypnapomic Imagery / Hypnapomic Hallucinations
- hypnagogic images associated with ending sleep
- Hypnic Myoclonias / Hypnic Jerks / Sleep Starts
- generally occur as an individual is falling asleep and involved a muscle contraction that wakes them up
- Cataplexy
- Often found in Narcoleptics, Cataplexy manifests itself as a muscle weakness which may range from slackening of the facial muscles to total collapse
- SOREMP (Sleep Onset REM Period)
- Considered a confirmation of Narcolepsy, SOREMP is when an individual begins REM periods within 15 minutes of falling asleep
- Reversibility
- Defining characteristic of sleep, when a sleeper is in a deep sleep, one must elicit a louder response in order to awake the person
- Perceptual Disengagement
- A sleeping person has zero awareness of the physical world around us
- Electroencephalography
- Otherwise known as EGG, it is the ink-writing oscillograph which allows brain wave activity to be recorded on moving paper.
- The brain is often more active during ____ sleep than during wakefulness.
- REM
- Human circadian rhythm is usually _______ than 24 hours.
- slightly longer
- Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
- Two small bilateral clusters of neurons near the midline at the base of the brain, houses the brain mechanism known as the biological clock.
- Major role of the biological clock is to amplify and reinforce sleep and wakefulness as _____ in the daily 24 hour cycle.
- alternating phases
- Dream recall is more likely to occur during an awakening from ____ sleep periods.
- REM
- Electro-oculogram (EOG)
- Measures the movement of the eyeball during sleep. Records various different voltage amounts across the eyeball.
- REM sleep
- is highly active brain in a paralyzed body. Not all muscles are paralyzed, for example, muscles required to breathe stay functional. Lasts about 90 minutes.
- Non-REM sleep
- The states of sleep that aren't REM based, 4 different stages.
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Stage 1 NREM
1. Stage 1
2. Stage 2
3. Stage 3
4. Stage 4
-
1. low voltage, transition from wakefulness to other sleep stages lasts 1-7 minutes.
2. 45% of full nights sleep, characterized by sleep spindles and/or k-complexes in the EEG
3. High amplitude recording in EEG
4. &n
- Sleep Onset
- the moment enhanced Alpha rhythms present in wakefulness disappear to indicate the change from wakefulness to sleep
- Retrograde Amnesia
- The forgetting of events that have occurred just before falling asleep.