Classics 20
Terms
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- Etruria
- north region, settled by Etruscans
- Latium
- Central Region, settled by Sabines
- Palatine Hill
- The hill in which king Romulus started to built Rome.
- Livy
- wrote History of Rome, from the begining to the reign of Augustus
- Aeneas
- Main character in The Aeneid, founded Rome. Son to Anchises and Venus
- Lavinia
- daugher of king Latinus, city of Lavinium named after her. Wife of Aeneas
- Ascanius
- son of Aeneas. Founded city of Alba Longa
- Rhea Silvia
- daughter of Numitor. Raped by mars gave birth to Remus and Romulus.
- Romulus
- First king of Rome, son of Mars. Planned the rape of the sabine women. killed his brother
- Remus
- brother to Romulus. settled in Aventine Hill.
- Paterfamilias
- head of the household. Owner of the slaves, children, women, and property
- Gens
- Family clan, larger unit or clan of family. elite ruled
- Julia Gens
- family of Julius Ceasar
- Antonia Gens
- family of Mark Anthony
- Praenomen
- Before the name, the first name. 15 personal names.
- Nomen
- The Second name, family name, these names end in IUS
- Cognomen
- Nickname, used to identify a branch in the family. Important people were known to have three names
- Patronus/cliens
- patron and client relationship. part of the social order
- Patrician
- Served in the council of elders, later became the first senators
- Plebeians
- The People without rights
- Numa Pompilius
- Second king of Rome. Solar Calendar, Organization of state religion, establishment of peace, temple of Janis
- Flamen
- 15 priests supervised cults of individual Gods. Heavy wooden cloaks. Flamen Dialis, Flamen of Jupiter
- Augur
-
1. Observation of sky
2. Observation of birds
3. examination of insides of sacrificed animals - Pontifex Maximus
- Chief Pontiff, supreme ruler of all religous and civil laws.
- Vestal Virgins
- Attendants of the cult of Goddess Vesta. Married to Pontifex Maximus. Keepers of wills.
- Genius
- male guardian, ancestor spirit of the family; snake
- Penates
- household gods, divine spirit who guarded family wealth
- Lares
- represented as a pair of younge men, twins.
- Atrium
- entrance to the house. large central place to a house.
- Forum Boarium
- Early market besides the Tiber River
- Roman Forum
- small flat land, on palatine hill, site for public trials, small houses around it
- Curia
- original senate house
- Comitium
- sacred place inagurated for citizens to assemble when summoned
- Campus Martius
- area where soldiers concentrated to the God of War
- Janus
- two faced God of thresholds, month of January
- 753 BC
- founding of Rome
- Roman Calendar
-
months are sept, oct, nov, dec.
8day week - Robigalia
-
Robigo-God of mildew
Pray to God and sacrifice a Dog - Lubercalia
- Wolf, purification ceremony and fertility rite
- Saturnalia
- family celebrations and reversal of social role
- Cloaca Maxima
- major sewage system
- Lictors
- Attendants to the king
- Fasces
- Bundles of rods and axes, symbols of power
- 509 BC
- end of the monarchy, transition to the republic
- 390 BC
- sack of Rome
- Gauls
- inhabitants of modern day France, sacked Rome
- Camillus
- Roman General who saved city from the Gauls
- Veii
- Etruscan city conquered by Camillus in a ten year siege
- Carthage
- Former allies of Rome, later enemies, Destroyed when Cato the Elder requested
- First Punic War
- Regulus was a symbol of Roman Loyalty. Failed invasion of Carthage
- Second Punic War
- Hannibal, hates Rome, most feared by Rome. Establishes a face in Spain
- Battle of Cannae
- Defeat of 60,000 Romans
- Fabius Maximus
- tactics were let them wear themselves out. Don't attack let them run out of energy.
- Scipio Africanus
- Defeated Hannibal, Conquered Africa
- Cato the Elder
- national identity, pro-Roman, main advocate for the destruction of Carthage.
- Carthago delenda est
- Carthage must be destroyed. the city is destroyed in a three year siege.
- Servus
- The one that has been served
- Obsequium
- Social obligations and responsibilities of freed slaves to their formal masters
- Pileus
- the cap of freedman