Osteology and Arthrology
Terms
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- ACL
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament; from anterior tibia to lateral posterior fibular condyle. Prevents tibia from moving forward on femur. Blow from back makes it taught and it snaps.
- PCL
- Posterior cruciate ligament; from back of tibia to medial fibular condyle; prevents femur from moving back on fixed foot. Hit from front of knee, posterior snaps.
- Tibiotalar ligaments (4)
- Ant/post tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal. Prevent excessive eversion, protect medial ankle joint.
- Talofibular ligaments (3)
- Ant/post talofibular, calcaneofibular; most sprains here.
- Spring ligament
- plantar calcaneonavicular
- long plantar
- under calcaneus to tarsals
- Ankle ligaments
- Anterior/posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior/posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, plantar calcaneonavicular, long plantar.
- Medial ankle ligaments
- support the medial border of the ankle and prevent excessive eversion of the foot.
- anterior/posterior tibiotalar ligaments
- run from tibia to talus bone on medial ankle; anterior is anterior to medial malleolus, posterior is behind it.
- tibiocalcaneal ligament
- runs from tibia to calcaneus; prevents excessive eversion
- tibionavicular
- runs from tibia to navicular bone, which sits directly in front of the talus.
- anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments
- protect the lateral ankle from excessive inversion. connects the fibula to the talus.
- calcaneofibular
- supports the lateral ankle; runs from the calcaneus (heel) to the fibula
- plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- spring ligament; helps create the gait of our walk. connects the calcaneus, ankle, to the navicular, most medial in front of talus.
- long plantar ligament
- connects the calcaneus to the tarsals; runs on bottom surface of foot.
- Ligaments of the hip
- Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Y ligament; prevents excessive abduction
- Iliofemoral
- Y ligament; prevents excessive abduction
- pubofemoral
- prevents excessive abduction
- ischiofemoral ligament
- prevents excessive internal rotation of femur/hip
- collateral ligaments
- connect bone to bone along the sides of a joint, like the knee and ankle
- Knee ligaments
- medial collateral, lateral collateral, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate
- medial/lateral collateral ligaments
-
protect the lateral sides of the knee joint, a blow to the side of knee results in a sprain here.
Ligaments sprain, muscles strain. - 3 types of joints
- Synarthoris, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
- Synarthrosis
-
fibrous; not much movement.
2 types:
-Suture - skull
-Syndesmosis - tibia/fibula - Amphiarthrosis
-
Cartilaginous, two types:
Synchondrosis - hyaline cartlg between two bones, like ribs/sternam.
Symphisis - fibrocartilage between two bones, like pubis symphysis. - Diarthrosis
-
freely moveable; synovial joints.
6 types:
Gliding, hinge, ball/socket, condyloid, saddle, pivot. - Symphysis joints in lower extremity
- Pubic symphysis
- Pivot joints in body
- at C2, axis between head and spine.
- Hinge joints in lower extremity
-
Knee, moves in sagittal plane.
Ankle, moves in sagittal plane.
Interphalangeal, as in between distal/intermediate and intermediate/proximal phalanges. - Condyloid joints in lower extremity
- Metatarsophalangeal; basically the joints between the actual toes and the foot bones. Toes curl and flare, so it's a condyloid joint.
- Ball and Socket joint in lower extremity
- Hip joint; moves in free three-D rotation.