sterilization 2
Terms
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- what to do when materials can't stand up to autoclave
- tyndallize - flow hot steam over materials, slower, fractional
- 3 ways to use hto steam for sterilization:
-
-autoclave
-tyndallize
-inspissation - inspissation
- thickening through evaporation; used on mycobacteria's high-protein media that can't be autoclaved
- most common type of filter for sterilizing
- millipore
- what is filtering used for?
- sterilizing things that can't be heated like body fluids, urea, carbs.
- most frequent chemical used for sterilizing: what materials?
- ethylene oxide for plastic petri dishes, pipettes, etc.
- definition of disinfectant
- killing of vegetative organisms; not necess. spores!
- what interferes with disinfectants?
- PROTEIN; must denature w/ detergent before using disinfectant.
- what test evaluates the activity of other disinfectants?
- the PHENOL COEFFICIENT TEST; its such a powerful disinfectant that it holds the bar high
- definition of ANTISEPSIS
- killing/inhibiting of organisms on the skin. doesn't hurt the tissue, so milder than disinfectant.
- 2 common types of Antiseptics
-
-mercurochrome
-tincture of iodine - 2 classes of chemicals:
-
A. affect surface layers of cell
B. denature cellular proteins, thus reduce enzyme activity -
what do surface active chemicals do?
examples? -
affect cell membrane permeability.
quaternary ammonium compounds - 3 chemicals that denature cell membrane
-
-phenols
-cresols
-bis-phenols
LYSOL is a cresol - 4 chemicals that denature cellular proteins and therefore reduce enzyme activity
-
-acid
-alkali
-alcohol
-acetone - last five chemicals that denature cell proteins:
-
-heavy metals -mercury, arsenic, silver
-oxidizing agents (iodine/chlorine, h2o2, permanganate)
-formaldehyde
-ethylene oxide
-dyes - crystal violet! - action of lysol
- denatures the cell membrane
- does tyndallization kill spores?
- no; so you do it for 30 min on 3 consecutive days to allow spores to germinate between tyndalilizations