Semen/Fecal/Amniotic

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How is semen formed?: 1. Sperm form in testes; stored in epididymis, adds 5% fluid
2. Seminal vesicles add 60% of fluid, including fructose.
3. Prostate adds 30% fluid, acidic.
4. Bulbourethral glands 5%
What does the prostate fluid added to semen contain?: Prostate fluid is acidic;
-ACID PHOSPHATASE***
-Citric acid
-Zinc
-Proteolytic enzymes
What do the bulbourethral contributions to semen do?: -The fluid added makes semen thick and mucousy.
What hormones stimulate semen production/formation?: 1. GnRH
2. FSH
3. LH
What does LH do?: Stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone
What does FSH do?: Stimulates sperm formation and maturation.
What testing post-vasectomy confirms success?: 2 consecutive sperm-free ejaculations.
What is varicocele?: a vericose vein in the scrotum.
What are the criteria for semen collection?: -Sexual abstinence at least 3 days but not more than 5.
-Test within 1 hr
-Has to be liquified
-Maintain at body temp while waiting.
What are normal characteristics of sperm?: -white/yellowgray/graywhite
-opaque
-coagulated
-liquifies in 10-20 in
-viscous
what is the normal VOLUME of semen? -pH? -Motility?: Vol = 1.5 - 5 ml
pH = 7.2 - 8.0
Motility: 40-100% should still be within 2 hrs of ejaculation.
What is a normal sperm count?: 20 - 200 million / ml
What cells are normally in semen? -How many?: WBC: <1million/mL
RBC: NONE
How much Fructose/Citric acid should be found in semen?: Fructose: 60-600 mg/dl
Citric acid: 90-1400 mg/dl
on to fecal analysis: ok
What is a random specimen collection used for analyzing?: cells
blood
bacteria

1 time is enough
What is a timed collection used to analyse?: fecal fat; collected for 3 days on a restricted diet.
What is a restricted diet collection used to analyse?: fecal fat
what is the purpose of examining fecal matter microscopically for fecal leukocytes?: -Check for parasites, viral and bacterial toxins in diarrhea.
-Differentiate condition of intestinal wall caused by invasive bacterial pathogens or ulcerative colitis.
what bacterial pathogens invade the intestinal cell wall?: -Salmonella
-Shigella
etc
What number of fecal leukocytes denotes normal bacterial toxins versus invasive?: normal: <1-3/hpf
invasive: >3/hpf
What methods are used to evaluate fecal fat?: -Microscopic
-Macroscopic
-Chemical
How much fat should be seen on the microscopic exam?: <60 fat globules per hpf
How is fecal fat qualitatively and macroscopically evaluated?: Because fat is caused by bile duct obstructions and pancreatic disorders, poop will have a bulky/frothy appearance.
How is a chemical analysis of fecal fat done?: -3 day collection in paint can.
-Restricted diet
-Convert lipids ->fatty acids, titrate with NaOH.
What is normal chemical result for fecal fat?: >or equal to 95% should be retained by the body.
-Fecal fat over 6.5g/day is way too much excretion.
What are 5 causes of blood in feces?: 1. Colorectal cancer
2. Ulcers
3. Hemorrhoids
4. Drugs
5. Dysentary
How is fecal occult blood tested for? (what is the indicator?): Dipstick - same rxtn as urine.
Blue chromogen = GUALAC
How is fetal hgb in feces detected?: APT test

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