enterobacteriaceae
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- Name 7 characteristics common to all enteric bugs:
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1. GNB
2. Oxidase neg
3. Ferment Glu to Acid or A/G
4. Reduce Nitrate->Nitrite
5. If motile, peritrichous
6. Facultative anaerobes
7. Have endotoxin - What TSA results are obtained from all enteric bugs?
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Either K/A or A/A
None will be K/K or K/NC -
What is endotoxin composed of?
What does it cause? -
-Lipopolysaccharide
-Causes shock and sepsis. - Which enteric is the #1 cause of shock/sepsis?
- E. coli
- What would you NOT prescribe for enterics?
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-Penicillins
-Erythromycin
-Clindamycin
-Oxacillin/methicillin - Name some antibiotics that WOULD be effective vs. enterics:
- Ampicillin, Cephalosporins, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Kanamycin, Piperacillin, SXT, Tetracycline.
- List the 9 NONPATHOGENIC enteric bugs:
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1. E. coli
2. Klebsiella
3. Enterobacter
4. Hafnia
5. Serratia
6. Citrobacter
7. Providencia
8. Proteus
9. Morganella - What 5 infections are caused by enteric bugs?
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1. UTI
2. Pneumonia
3. Wound
4. Sepsis
5. Neonatal meningitis - What are the five enteric PATHOGENS?
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1. Yersinia enterocolitica
2. E. coli
3. Shigella
4. Edwardsiella tarda
5. Salmonella - What enteric bug causes Bacillary dysentery?
- Shigella
- Name 4 species of Shigella:
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1. dysenteriae (4th)
2. flexneri (2nd)
3. boydii (3rd)
4. sonnei (most common) - What is the incubation time before dysentery develops?
- 1 1/2 to 3 days
- How does dysentery differ from food poisoning?
-
-Food poisoning (e.g. Staph, B. cereus) is due to toxins.
-Foodborne illness (this, Salmonella, Campy, Vibrio) is due to proliferation within the intestinal tract. - What is Edwardsiella tarda associated with?
- Fish and reptiles
- Which pathogen is most frequently encountered?
- Salmonella
- What 2 types of disease do Salmonella species cause?
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1. Enterocolitis
2. Typhus - How is Salmonella assoc. enterocolitis transmitted?
- Via ingestion of undercooked poultry
-
What species causes typhus?
What are symptoms of it? -
Salmonella typhi
Sx: febrile disease, organomegaly, rash - How is Typhus different from Salmonella and Shigella?
-
Incubation periods:
Salmonella = 8-24 hrs
Shigella = 36-72 hrs
S. typhi = 8-14 DAYS - Where is S. typhi stored when a patient is a carrier of it?
- In the gallbladder - so it is continuously shed in stools.
- What specimens are best for isolating S. typhi from an infected patient? At what times?
-
1st week: blood culture
2nd/3rd wk: Stool - Name 3 species of yersinia:
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1. Yersinia enterocolitica
2. Yersinia pestis
3. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis -
-What does Y. enterocolitica cause?
-What type of media is needed to isolate it? -
-Enterocolitis
-CIN media - What three E. coli species are pathogenic?
-
-Enteropathogenic (uncommon)
-Enterotoxigenic (Mexicans)
-0157:H7 -
What media is used for E. Coli 0157H7? Why?
What is another variation of SMAC? -
-SMAC - extra carb = sorbitol
Normal enterics ferment =PINK.
E. Coli 0157:H7 doesnt =CLEAR.
-Variation: CT-SMAC contains antibiotics to inhibit normal E. coli. - What does E. Coli 0157:H7 cause?
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
-
What is the natural reservoir of E. Coli 0157:H7?
Therefore it is transmitted from what 3 sources? -
Cows = reservoir
Transmission via:
-Undercooked beef
-Apple cider
-petting zoos - What two enteric bugs cause dysentery?
-
-Shigella
-E. Coli 0157:H7 -
With what disease is Y. pestis associated?
How is it transmitted? -
Bubonic plague
-Rat flea bite - zoonotic - What are 2 forms of the plague and how do they differ?
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-Bubonic
-Pneumonic
Only pneumonic is transmitted person-person. - Which enteric tends to have a red pigment?
- Serratia
- Which enteric smells chocolatey?
- Providencia
- Which enteric swarms?
- Proteus