Chapter 5 Social Studies
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- What Did George Washington Offer To Do?
- George offered to deliver a message warning the French in Ohio.
- What Did General Braddock Do?
- He led British and colonial troops in an attack against Fort Dequesne. French and Native American allies launched a surprise attack. The British were red and an easy target. Braddock was killed and half the army were killed or wounded.
- What Happened To The British East india Company?
- British East India Company brought tea to the colonies. The tea went from the company to the merchant to the colonists. BEIC found itself in deep financial trouble. More that 15 million pounds of tea sat unsold in British warehouses because of the tax colonists refused to but tea.
- What Did The Colonists Claim The Taxes Were?
- They claimed the taxes were unjust because they went against the principle of no taxation without representation. They insisted only they or their elected reps had the right to pass taxes. Parliament had no right to tax them since they didn't elect reps. They were wiling to pay taxes only if their colonial legislatures passed them.
- What Was The Albany Plan Of Union?
- Delegates from 7 colonies met in Albany New York.
- What Were The Four British Strengths?
- Colonies easier to defend than the widely scattered French settlements. The Population of English colonis was 15 times greater than that of New France. They Had some Native American allies. The British navy rules the seas.
- What Were The Townshend Acts?
- Taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea, taxes were low but colonists still objected
- Who Was George Grenville?
- He is the British Prime Minister who decided the colonists should help with the tax burden because they gained the most from the war
- Why Did The Native Americans Have To Choose Sides?
- The Native Americans were in the Ohio Valley for centuries and the only way protect their way of life was to take sides in the struggle.
- Who Was Pontiac?
- He was an Ottawa cheif who the Native Americans turned to as a leader. He spoke out against the British. He led an attack on British Troops at Fort Detroit. In a few months he captured most British forts on the frontier
- What Was The Response To The Stamp Act?
- Riots broke out in New York City, New Pork, and Charleston. Colonists threw rocks at the ax agents and they tarred and feathered he tax agents. The colonists anger shocked the British because they just defended them in the war.
- What Was The First Continental Congress?
- In September 1774 12 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss the intolerable acts the only delegate that didn't attend was Georgia. The Result was they would boycott all British goods and stop exporting goods to Britain. They urged each colony to set up and train it's own militia which is an army of citizen who serve as soldiers during an emergency.
- What Was The Proclamation Of 1763?
- The British drew an imaginary line at the base of the Appalachian Mts. Colonists were forbidden to settle west of the line. Settlers already west had to remove themselves at once.
- What Was The Stamp Act?
- It was in 1765 and the tax was on all legal documents such as wills, diplomas, and marriage papers. Tax was also on newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, and dice. All items had to carry a stamp to show the tax had been paid.
- What Was The Problem That Arose When Washington Got There?
- French set up Fort Duquesne at the spot where he was to build a British Fort. He was afraid of a counterattack so he and his men quickly built Fort Necessity. French and Native Americans surrounded the fort, Virginians surrendered.
- Why Did The French Expect The Native Americans To Side With Them?
- Most were trappers and traders not farmers so they didn't destroy hunting grounds by clearing forests for farms. Another reason is many trappers married Native American women
- What Was The Boston Massacre?
- It was on the night of March 5 1770, a crowd gathered outside the Boston Customs House, colonists shouted insults at the redcoats who guarded the building. The colonists began to throw snowballs, oyster shells, and chunks of ice at the soldier, the crowd grew larger and rowdier. Soldier panicked and fired into the crowd and five people lay dead or dying on the colonist's side. Sam Adams wrote to other colonists about the shooting which he called the Boston Massacre. Soldiers were arrested and tried in court. Soldier were defended by John Adams because he wanter to get a fair trial. The Argument was that the soldiers were provoked by the colonists and the result was the soldier received a light sentences
- What Was Wolfe's Plan?
- He Ordered troops to move quietly in small boats to the foot of the cliff of Quebec late one night. Soldiers came ashore and walked to the top. French awoke to 400 british troops. Fierce battle ensued, Montcalm and Wolfe were killed and it was a British victory.
- What Were The Centers Of Protest?
- Boston, and New York
- Who Was General Edward Braddock?
- He was a stubborn man nicknamed Bulldog. He knew little about how to fight in the wilderness of North America.
- What Was The Boston Tea Party?
- It was on Thursday December 16 1773, tea ships were anchored in Boston Harbor at Griffin's Wharf refusing to unload the tea due to taxes. Ships were not allowed to leave the Harbor by order of The Governor Thomas Hutchinson until the taxes were paid. 50-60 people were dressed as Mohawk Indians, they boarded the tea ships, split open tea chests, and dumped tea in the harbor and by 10 pm the job was done
- Who Was General Thomas Gage?
- Early 1775 he laerned that minutemen had a large store of arms in Concord, a village 18 miles from Boston and he planned a surprise march to Concord to seize the arms. April 18 1775 about 700 troops left Boston under the cover of Darkness, the Sons Of Liberty were watching. Two lamps hung from he Old North Church in Boston to signal the redcoats were on the move. Messengers saw the signal, mounted horses and rode towards Concord. Paul Revere was a messenger who shouted,"The British Are Coming" as he passed through each sleeping village.
- Who Was William Pitt?
- He became head of the British government, he set out to in the war in the North America.
- What Was Pontiac's War?
- The British and Colonials Troops attacked back at Pontiac for capturing British forts
- What Was The Treaty Of Paris?
- It was signed in 1763 and marked the end of French power in North America. Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River. Florida was given to the British because Spain entered he war on the French side. Spain gained all French lands west of the Mississippi River as well as New Orleans
- What Was The Sugar Act?
- It was in 1764 and the tax was on molasses.
- What Did The Native Americans Control
- Native Americans controlled the fur trade in the heart of North America so both France and England tried to make Native American allies.
- What Was The Outcome Of The Albany Plan Of Union?
- The Iroquois did not agree with helping British but they did not plan to side with the French either.
- What Were The 4 Intolerable Acts?
- Shut down the port of Boston so no ship could either enter or leave the harbor until the tea was paid for. Colonists could not have more than 1 own meeting a year without the governor's permission. Custons officers and other officials charged of a major crime to be tried in Britain with no evidence. The New Quartering Act was soldiers would no longer camp in tents because citizens had to house them.
- Who Was George Washington Sent By?
- George Washington was sent by Lt. Governor Dinwiddie and promoted Washington and Sent him west again
- What Was The Quartering Act?
- Colonists had to provide housing, candles, bedding, and beverages to the British troops stationed in the colonies.
- What Was The Outcome Of The Albany Plan Of Union?
- The Iroquois did not agree with helping British but they did not plan to side with the French either.
- What Happened Under Pitt's Leadership?
- The tide of the battle turned. Major General Jeffrey Amherst captured Louisbourg, the most important fort in French Canada. The British won more Iroquois support.
- What Was The Outcome To The Native Americans Choosing Sides?
- The Algonquins and Hurons went with the French and The Iroquois went with the English. The Iroquois and Algonquin were enemies.
- Describe The Fall Of New France?
- Pitt sent General James Wolfer to take Quebec (The Capital Of New France) Quebec was vital to the defense of New France, Without it the French couldn't supply their forts farther up the St. Lawrence River. Quebec was well defended, it sat atop a steep cliff above the St. Lawrence. The French General, Marquis De Montclam, was prepared to fight off the British.
- Why Did Dinwiddie Send Washington Again?
- He sent him to take 150 men and build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet
- What Was The Tea Act?
- It was passed in 1773 by Parliament to help the BEIC. It let company sell tea directly to colonists. The price would be the lowest ever but there would still be a tax though. The colonists protested the Tea Act because Colonial merchants were cut out of the tea trade an colonists thought it was a british trick to make them accept the taxes.
- What Were The Four British Strengths?
- Colonies easier to defend than the widely scattered French settlements. The Population of English colonis was 15 times greater than that of New France. They Had some Native American allies. The British navy rules the seas.
- Why Did They Have The Albany Plan Of Union?
- To persuade the Iroquois to help them and they wanted to plan a united defense.