political science 9
Terms
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- A set of complex hierarchaical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties. Bureaucracies may be private organizations or governmental units.
- Bureaucracy
- The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party in order to replace them with loyalist of the newly elected party.
- spoils system
- Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.
- patronage
- Reform meassure that created the Civil Service commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for f
- Pendleton Act
- The legal system by which many federal bureaucracies are selected.
- civil service system
- The system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, and appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations.
- Merit system
- An agency created by Congress that is generally concerned with a specific aspect of the economy.
- independent regulatory commission
- Major administrative unit with responsibility for a broad area of goverment operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture.
- departments
- Business established by Congress to perform functions that can be provided by private businesses.
- government corporations
- Governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and are not part of any Cabinet department.
- independent executive agencies
- The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibits federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaign for a particular candidate.
- Hatch Act
- the 1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act. Federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections.
- Federal Employees Political Activities Act