adrenergics, antiadrenergics, glaucoma drugs 4-18-06
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- name a nonselective irreversible alpha blocker
- phenoxybenzamine
- name a nonselective reversible alpha blocker
- phentolamine
- what is the mechanism of phenoxybenzamine
- nonselective irreversible alpha blocker
- what is the mechanism of phentolamine
- nonselective reversible alpha blocker
- what are phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine used for
- pheochromocytoma
- what are the side effects of nonselective alpha blockers
- orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
- name 3 alpha-1 selective adrenergic blockers
- prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
- what is the mechanism of prazosin
- alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
- what is the mechanism of terazosin
- alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
- what is the mechanism of doxazosin
- alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocker
- what are alpha-1 selective adrenergic alpha blockers used for
- hypertension, urinary retention in BPH
- what are the side effects of alpha-1 blockers
- orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
- what is prazosin used for?
- hypertension, urinary retention in BPH
- what drugs have the same action as prazosin
- terazosin, doxazosin
- what are the side effects of terazosin?
- orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
- what selective alpha blockers cause orthostatic hypotension
- phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin
- name an alpha-2 selective adrenergic blocker
- yohimbine
- what is yohimbine used for
- impotence (effectiveness controversial)
- what alpha blockers are used to treat pheochromocytoma
- phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
- name some beta-blockers
- propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nadolol, timolol, pindolol, esmolol, labetalol
- what is the mechanism of propanolol
- nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker
- what is the mechanism of metoprolol
- selective beta-1 blocker
- what is the mechanism of esmolol
- selective beta-1 blocker
- what is the mechanism of pindolol
- non selective beta-adrenergic blocker (partial agonist)
- what are beta-blockers used to treat
- hypertension, angina, MI, SVT, CHF, glaucoma
- how do beta blockers treat hypertension
- decrease cardiac output, decrease renin secretion
- how do beta blockers treat angina
- decrease heart rate, decrease cardiac contractility, decreased O2 consumption
- why are beta blockers used to treat MI
- decrease MI mortality
- which beta blockers are used to treat SVT
- propanolol, esmolol
- how do propanolol and esmolol treat SVT
- decrease AV conduction velocity
- how do beta blockers treat CHF
- slow progression of chronic failure
- which beta blocker is used to treat glaucoma
- timolol betaxolol carteolol
- what is timolol used to treat glaucoma
- decrease secretion of aqueous humor
- what are the toxic effects of beta blockers
- impotence, exacerbation of asthma, caution in diabetes
- what are the cardiovascular toxic effects of beta blockers
- bradychardia, AV block, CHF
- what are the CNS adverse effects of beta blockers
- sedation, sleep alterations
- which beta blockers are beta-1 selective
- acebutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol (A BEAM of beta-1 blockers)
- which beta-1 blocker is short-acting
- esmolol
- which beta blockers are non-selective
- propanolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol
- which beta blocker also blocks alpha receptors
- labetalol (all others are spelled "olol")
- which alpha agonists are used to treat glaucoma
- epinephrine, brimonidine
- which beta blockers are used to treat glaucoma
- timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
- which cholinomimetics are used to treat glaucoma
- pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate
- which diuretics are used to treat glaucoma
- acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide
- which prostaglandin is used to treat glaucoma
- latanoprost
- what classes of drugs are used to treat glaucoma
- alpha agonists, beta blockers, cholinomimetics, diuretics, prostaglandins (*mnemonic -- treating glaucoma is easy as ABCD)
- what is the effect of epinephrine in glaucoma
- increase outflow of aqueous humor
- what are the side effects of epinephrine treatment in glaucoma
- mydriasis, stinging
- what glaucoma should epinephrine NOT be used for
- closed-angle glaucoma
- what is the effect of brimonidine in glaucoma
- decreased aqueous humor synthesis
- what are the side effects of brimonidine treatment in glaucoma
- no pupillary or vision changes
- what is the effect of beta-blocker treatment in glaucoma
- decrease aqueous humor secretion
- what are the side effects of beta blocker treatment in glauzoma
- no pupillary or vision changes
- what is the effect of cholinomimetics in glaucoma
- ciliary muscle contraction, opening of trabecular meshwork, increase outflow of aqueous humor
- what are the side effects of cholinomimetics in glaucoma
- miosis, cyclospasm
- what is the effect of diuretic treatment in glaucoma
- inhibition of carbonic anhydrase --> decrease HCO3 secretion --> decrease aqueous humor secretion
- what are the side effects of diuretics in glaucoma
- no pupillary or vision changes
- what is the effect of prostaglandin (latanoprost) treatment in glaucoma
- increase outflow of aqueous humor
- what is the side effect of prostaglandin treatment in glaucoma
- darkens color of iris (browning)
- which drugs used to treat glaucoma increase outflow of aqueous humor
- cholinomimetics, prostaglandin, epinephrine
- can you use epinephrine in closed-angle glaucoma
- NO
- brimonidine is used to treat what eye disease
- glaucoma
- what kind of drug is latanoprost
- prostaglandin
- latanoprost is used to treat what eye disease
- glaucoma
- which glaucoma drugs decrease aqueous secretion
- beta blockers, diuretics