Bio-Classification
Terms
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- taxonomy
- branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of living things
- classification system
- used in modern biology and allows biologists to identify an organism and place it in the correct group with related organisms
- two major groups that living things are separated into
- the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom
- aristotle and theophrastus
-
A-grouped animals according to the kind of environment in which they lived
T-grouped plants according to stem strucutre
-together they classified more than 500 kinds of plants and 500 kinds of animals - john ray
- identified and classified more than 18,000 different types of plants-also classified members of several different animal groups-first used term species
- species
- a group of organisms that are strucutally similar and pass these similarities on to their offspring-are able to interbreed
- Classification categories
-
1. Kingdoms-largest
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus (last name)
7. Species-smallest (first name) - carolus linnaeus
-
considred the founder of modern taxonomy
-established methods for classifying and naming organisms that are used today - nomenclature
- system for naming things
- binomial nomenclature
-
two-word system of identifying an organism
-developed by carolus linnaeus
-latin names
-two names are:
1) Genus (capital letter) Homo
2) Species (lower case letter) sapiens - what information about an organism do modern taxonomists use when they classify? what does this system allow for?
- structural, biochemical, embryological, behavioral, and fossil-allows for evidence of evolution
- phylogeny
-
evolutionary history of a species or a group of organisms
-phylogenetic tree indicates when related groups of organisms have evolved from common ancestors - Five kingdoms
- monera, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
- members of monera
- bacteria, blue-green algae
- members of protista and exmaples
-
*protozoa (nutrition=animal-like):
paramecium, ameba
*algae (nutrition=plant-like):
spirogyra - members of fungi and exmaples
-
true fungi:
molds, yeast, mushrooms, rusts, and smuts - members of plantae and examples
-
*Bryophytes:
mosses
*Tracheophytes:
Ferns, seed plants: maple tree, pine tee, corn - bryophyte
- lack vascular tissue; no true roots, stems, or leaves
- tracheophytes
- have vascular tissue-true roots, stems and leaves
- members of animalia and examples
-
*Coelenterates:
hydra, jellyfish
*Annelids:
earthworm, sandworm
*Mollusks/:
clam, snail
*Arthropods:
grasshopper, lobster, spider
*Chordates:
shark, frog, human - coelenterates
- hollow-body-2 cells layers
- annelids
- segmented body walls
- mollusks
- 1 or 2 part shell
- arthropods
- jointed appendages, exoskeleton
- chordates
- dorsal nerve cord
- characteristics of Monera
-
-prokaryotic
-no organized nucleus w/ nuclear membrane
-cell walls
-no photosynthesis excpet blue-green algae - protista characteristics
-
-mostly unicellular
-eukaryotic-have membrane-bound nucleus
-same are animal like and some are plantlike - fungi characteristics
-
-live as parasites or decomposers
-most are multicellular
-eukaryotic
-no chloropyll and cannot synthesize food
-enzymes digest food outside the organism - plantae characteristics
-
-cell walls
-true tissue and organ organization
-nearly all are photosynthetic
-contain chlorophyll
-multicellular - animalia
-
-multicellular organisms
-obtain food from environment and ingest it
-move on their own
-specialized sensory systems, brain, nerve-muscle systems
-most common=sexual reproduction
-vertebrates and invertebrates - autotrophs
- make their own food
- heterotrophs
- organisms that must obtain their food from the environment