Unit 4: Bacteria and Viruses
Terms
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- Are bacteria alive?
- Yes, they reproduce, can adapt, and obtain enrgy and materials.
- Are viruses alive?
- Yes and No, they carry out all the functions of living things, but only within a host cell.
- Binary Fission
- Replication of DNA, bacteria cell divides in half.
- Conjugation
- A bridge forms between two bacteria cells, genes move from one cell to the other.
- Gram-Staining
- Voilet and Pink stains are put on the cells. If cell wall has thick peptidoglycan wall stain dark (gram-positive). Gram-negative stay light.
- How do you treat bacteria?
- Antibiotics
- Lysogenic Infection
- Virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of host cell (using capsid protein), and virus replicates along with host cell.
- Lytic Infection
- Virus enters cell, makes copies of itself, and causes cell to burst.
- Spore Formation
- Bacteria produces a thick wall that encloses DNA and part of cytoplasm. When conditions improve, spore will germinate and disappear.
- Structure of Bacteria
- Cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes. NO NUCLEUS.
- Three shapes of Bacteria
- Bacilli rod-shaped, Cocci spherical, spirilla spiral.
- Virus Structure
- Core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, or capsid.