Unit 4b
Terms
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- Interposition
- If one object partially blocks out view of another, we percieve it as closer.
- Grouping
- The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
- Relative height
- objects higher in our field of vision seem to be farther away
- Law of Pragnanz
- states that we tend to see things in their simplest form
- Phi Phenomenon
- an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession
- Monocular cues
- distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone
- size constancy
- we perceive objects as being the same size even though they are far away a.k.a. emmerts law
- Gestalt
- an organized whole, emphasize out tendency to integrate pieces of info. ito meaningful wholes
- Stroboscopic Effect
- when still pictures are presented in rapid succession an illusion of movement is created
- perceptual set
- a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
- shape constancy
- the fact that as the angle an object is presented from changes out interpretation of its shape stays constant.
- Linear perspective
- parallel lines seem to converge as distance increases
- Perceptual constancy
- perceiving objects as unchanging(having consisten lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.
- Aerial Haze
- hazy objects seem farther away
- Relative size
- a binocual cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the 2 eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object
- Binocular cues
- depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of 2 eyes.
- Retinal disparity
- a binocular cue for depth. The fact that each eye sees a slightly different picture. The brain combines the two and this provides a clue as to how far away an object is.
- autokinetic effect
- if a dot of light is projected onto a screen in a dark room it will appear to move
- Gibson and Walk
- involved placing 6-14 month-old babies on the edge of a safe canyon.
- Depth perception
- the ability to see objects in 3-D although the images that strike the retina are 2-d; allows us to judge distance
- Convergence
- a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object
- perseptual adaptation
- in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially dispaced or even inverted visual field
- Visual cliff
- a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
- Texture gradient
- a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance.
- Figure-ground
- the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)