AP Psychology Chapter 6
Terms
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- human factors psychology
- a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.
- extrasensory perception
- Perceiving information about the world through means other than the senses
- visual capture
- the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.
- perceptual constancy
- The tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged, in spite of changes in raw sensations.
- selective attention
- the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect.
- perceptual constancy
- perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.
- grouping
- the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
- inattentional blindness
- failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
- visual cliff
- a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
- phi phenomenon
- an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.
- perceptual set
- a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
- parapsychology
- the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.
- perceptual adaptation
- in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
- binocular cues
- Two visual cues that require both eyes to allow us to perceive depth.
- figure-ground
- the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).
- Gestalt
- The perception principle that assumes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- convergence
- a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.
- depth perception
- the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
- retinal disparity
- a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.
- monocular cues
- Eight visual cues that can be seen with one eye and that allow us to perceive depth.