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Imperialism

Terms

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new imperialsm
the revival of imperialism after 1880 which European nations established colonies throughout much of Asia and Africa
"white man's burden"
written by Rudyard Kipling, said that Europeand had a moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people. helped the idealistic individuals rationalize imperialism in their own minds
economic imperialism
the process in which banks and corporations from developed nations invest in underdeveloped regions and establish a major presence there in the hope of making high profits; not necessarily the same as colonial expansion in that business invest where they can make a profit, with may not be in their own nation's colony
Cecil Rhodes
founded both diamond and gold companies which monopolized the production of both these valuable goods, thought that God would want him to "paint Africa red," his imperialist ambitions got him thrown out as prime minister of cape own because he conspired to overthrow the Boer government
Boer War
begain in 1899 ended in 1902; the Boers were a strong opponent and Briatin needed almost 500,000 soldiers to girl a mere 87,000 Boers. Resulted in britain strengthening the skill of their military but still winning the war
Suez Canal
Britihs took interest in it once completed by France in 1869. It was in Egypt, but the british overtook it in about 1882 after saying they would only be their temporarily
David Livingstone
scottish missionary who settled central africa
Henry Stanley
also settled in central africa; was a british-american journalist
King Leopold II
real driving force in the colonization of central africa; treated the african extremely brutally to maintain his increasing profit. Created the International Association for the Expolartion and Colonization of Central Africa
revolt of the sepoys
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Hong Kong
British obtained this city though was in 1842;This led other nations to try and press into Chian in hopes of controlling other towns and cities
"open door" policy
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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Boxer Rebellion
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Meiji Restortaion
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Inidan Nationali Congress
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Bismarckian System
two alliances were made by Bismark: once in 1873 and again in 1881 with Austria-Hungary and Russia. The three Emperors League failed mainly because of Russian-Austrian rivalry in the Balkans
Congress of Berlin
met in 1878, was dominated by Bismarck; demolished the Treaty of San Stefano;new BUlgarina state was reduced and the rest of the territory was returned to Ottoman control; Three balkian states of Serbia, Montengero and Romania were announced independent others were put under Austrian protection.
Triple Alliance
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Emperor William II
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Triple Entente
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Balkans' Cities
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Marie Curie
along with her husband discovered radium gave off radiation that came from within the atom; that each atom was it's own body in itself
Max Planck and quanta
Berline physicist, rejected the belief that a heated body radiates in steady stream, but in packets called 'quanta' (quantum theory raised fundamental questions about the realm of atom)
Albert Einstein's E=mc2
German ('The Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies) Space and time are not absolute but relative to the observer for space and time. (energy is mass times the square of the velocity of light
Friedrich Nietzche's "slave morality"
Western bourgeois was decadent and incapable of any real cultural creativity. Reason plays little role in human life because we're at the mercy of irrational life forces. said that christianity was to blame
Henry Bergson's "life force"
French philosopher who accepted rational, scientific thought as a practical instrument for knowledge but it was incapable of arriving at truth or ultimate reality; said reality was life force
the ego, the id, and the superego
3 forces: id- center of unconsciousness drives and was ruled by pleasure principle; we direct our attention to pleasure instead of pain; ego- seat of reason and coordinator of inner life; governed by reality of principle; superego- inhibitions and moral values that society imposed on people
Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer
survival of the fittest; fit should advance while weak decline
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
englishman who became German citizen; wrote 'the foundations of the 19th century,' modern day germans in his eyes were the only pure successors of 'Aryans' who portrayed as creatures of Western Culture
Ernst Renan's Life of Jesus
questioned historical accuracy of the Bible and presented a radically different picture of emus. value lay in example provided by life
Pius IX's Syllabu of Errors
took a rigid stand against modern ideas and forces, he issued syllabus o errors stating how much of an error it was to believe Syllabus of errors sating how much of an error it was to believe liberalism, nationalism, socialism, religious toleration and freedom of speech
Leo XIII's e Rerum Novarum
evolution was a hypothesis in Catholic schools; issued in 1891 the Rerum Novarum he upheld the individuals right to private property; he was christian in principle, but he condemned Marxist socialism for its anti religious foundation
Modernism
aritistic literary styles that emerged into decades before 1914 artists rebelled against traditional efforts to portray reality as accurately as possible
Emile Zola
French writer; provided good examples of naturalism; how alcoholism affects peoples lives; artists must analyze and dissect life
Leo Tolstoy
War& Peace is most famous work; realistic portrayal of the historic background of Napolean's invasions of Russia in 1812
Fyodor Dostoevsky
combined narrative skill and acute psychological and moral observation with profound insight into human nature; biggest problem to him was spiritual belief; suffering and faith led to purified soul
the Synbolists
writers who reacted against realism; poetry, believed on objective knowledge of the world was impossible, external world is a collection of symbols reflecting the true reality of the individual human mind
Impressionism
artistic movement that originated in the 1870's in France; impressionists sought to capture their impressions os the changing effects of light on objects in nature
Camille Pissaro and Claude Monet
CP- one founder of impressionism, sought to put tint paintings their impressions of the changing effects of light on objects in nature. CM-portrayed pissaro's ideas, enchanted with water; attempted to capture light, water and atmosphere in paintings
Post-Impressionism
artistic movement began in 1880 France; sought to use color to express inner feelings and provide a personal statement of reality
Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh
PC- one of most imp Post-impressionists; rejected impressionist thinking, sought to express visually underlying geometric structure and form of paintings; vG- art is a spiritual experience; very interested in color thought artists should paint the way they feel
George Eastman
produced the first Kodak camera in 1888, camera couldn't create reality though
Pablo Piccasso and Cubism
extremely flexible and painted in many varieties; cubism used geometric designs as visual stimuli to recreate reality in the viewers mind, began abstract paintings
Wissily Kandinksy
Russian in Germany of two founders of abstract painting; avoided representation; art should speak to the should so avoid rarity and concentrate on color
Igor Stravinsky's The Rite OF Spring
ballet which caused a riot after being produced by Segei Disghiliv; chief exponent of musical primitivism

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