470 Vitamins
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Vitamin A
-
- retinoids, beta-carotene
- Dim light vision, regulation of gene expression, immune cell differentiation
- Sources: liver, dairy, green/orange/yellow veggies
- Bile salts help absorb
- Transport in chylomicra via lymph
- Binds RBP
- Prophylactic vaccine in developing countries
- Oral contraceptives increase RBP synthesis - Vitamin E
-
- Antioxidant, inhibits platelet aggregation, vasodilation
- mobilized slowly from adipocytes
- deficiency: erythrocyte instability (hemolytic anemia in preemies)
- Used for CV disease, intermittent claudication
- Exacerbate K deficiency, anticoagulants - Vitamin D
-
- maintain blood Ca++, phosphate; differentiation; immunity
- fortification, few natural sources
- calcitriol joins VDR, binds RXR, binds VDRE
- deficiency: rickets, osetomalacia
- Hormone replacement
- - Increased risk of breast & uterine cancer and CV disease
- Raloxifene
-
- Agonist & antagonist effects depending on location
- Less activity at ERs in breast -- less BC risk - Bisphosphonates
-
- Etidronate & alendronate
- Antiresorptive
- Inhibit osteoclast recruitment/differentiation by blocking H2 pump
- N-containing inhibit prenylation
- Intermittent
- Teriparatide
-
- Synthetic PTH
- Intermittent
- Anabolic therapy
- Increased resorption but also increases absorption, decreases secretion - Vitamin K
-
- Clotting factor
- Deficiency: increased prothrombin time
- Limited storage - Vitamin C
-
- ascorbic acid
- detoxifying, decreased free radicals, more immunity
- saturable active transport
- used in TB, peptic ulcer, tyrosinemia
- Rebound effects with large doses
- Inhibit anticoagulants - Riboflavin
-
- B2
- FAD, FMN component
- Destroyed by light
- Antioxidant, B vitamin metabolism
- Bright yellow urine - Vitamin B6
-
- Many enzymes, including RBC formation & function, niacin formation, nucleic acid synthesis
- glycosylated form from plants -- less available
- Prevent neuritis, morning sickness, sickle cell anemia, asthma, carpal tunnel - Pantothenic acid
-
- B5
- acetyl-coA component
- intestinal bacteria - Biotin
-
- enzyme co-factor
- deficiency w/ prolonged biotin-free IV feeding, lots of raw egg whites - B12
-
- cobalamin (Co-containing)
- methionine synthetase cofactor -- hemoglobin synthesis, folate regulation
- Stomach acid frees B12 from food to bind intrinsic factor (IF)
- Deficiency: due to pernicious anemia, causes megaloblastic anemia - Folate
-
- Nucleotide synthesis, DNA & homocysteine methylation
- Leafy greens, mushrooms, liver
- Cleaved before absorption (active transport in intestine)
- Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, caused by malabsorption
- prevent neural tube defects - Iron absorption
-
- iron turnover, diet
- Megaloblastic/pernicious anemia
-
- blocked DNA synthesis
- causes: auto-Abs, bowel disease, pancreatitis, drug interactions, poor diet, surgical resection
- given parenterally
- Nerve demyelination -- B12 deficiency only