Vocabulario - hacer, ir - chapter 11
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
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¿cómo te relajas?
to go camping - hacer camping
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ride bicycle - adar en bicicleta
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¿cómo te relajas?
to bathe (in a jacuzzi) - bañarse (en el jacuzzi)
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¿cómo te relajas?
to scuba dive - bucear
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¿cómo te relajas?
to throw (have) a party - dar una fiesta
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¿cómo te relajas?
to draw - dibujar
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¿cómo te relajas?
to mt. climb - escalar montañas
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ski - esquir
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ski
in the water
on the mountains -
esquir en el agua
esquir en las montañas -
¿cómo te relajas?
to play ________
cards
golf
volleyball -
jugar a las naipes
jugar al golf
jugar al voleibol -
¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO MEDITATE - meditar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO SAIL - navegar en un barco
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO SKATE - patinar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO FISH - pescar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO JUMP ROPE - saltar a la cuerda
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO HAVE A PICNIC - tener un picnic
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________
TO GARDEN - trabajar en el jardín
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________
TAKE A WALK - dar un paseo
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________
TO GO TO CHURCH - ir a la iglesia
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________
TO READ - leer
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________
TO LIFT WEIGHTS - levantar pesas
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Places - "lugares..."
the forest - el bosque
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Places - "lugares..."
the desert - el desierto
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Places - "lugares..."
the lake - el lago
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Places - "lugares..."
the sea - el mar
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Places - "lugares..."
the mountains - las montañas
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Places - "lugares..."
the museum - el museo
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Places - "lugares..."
the ocean - el océano
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Places - "lugares..."
the park - el parque
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Places - "lugares..."
the river - el río
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otras palabras
funny - christoso(a)
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otras palabras
comical - cómico(a)
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otras palabras
funny, amusing - gracioso(a)
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otras palabras
joke - el chiste
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otras palabras
to laugh, laughter - la risa
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otras palabras
free (spare) time - el tiempo libre
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otras palabras
to make laugh - hacer reír
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otras palabras
strike someone as funny - hacerle gracia a uno
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otras palabras
to laugh loudly - reírse (i,i) a carajadas
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otras palabras
to be funny, charming - tener gracia
- imperfect conjugations for "ir" to go
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yo íbamos
tu iba
el/ella iban
Ud
we iba
Uds. ibas
they all iba - imperfect conjugations for "ser" I am..
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yo éramos
tu erais
el/ella eran
Ud
we era
Uds. eras
ellos era - last night
- anoche
- ayer
- yesterday
- ayer por la mañana
- yesterday morning
- yesterday afternoon
- ayer por la tarde
- yesterday last night
- ayer por la noche
- last weekend
- el fin de semana pasado
- (time) ago
- hacer + (time)
- a few years ago
- hace unos años
- several months ago
- hace varios meses
- last Saturday (Sunday)
- el sábado (domingo) pasado
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POINT IN TIME
I decided to stay home
decidí quedarme en casa
sound of the telephone
sóno el teléfono
I answered it
lo contesté
I heard the voice
oí la voz -
POINT IN TIME
I decided to stay home
decidí quedarme en casa
sound of the telephone
sóno el teléfono
I answered it
lo contesté
I heard the voice
oí la voz -
EVENT IN PROGRESS
it was bad weather
hacía mal tiempo
it rained
llovía
he/she didn't want
no tenía ganas
he/she looked at television
miraba la televisión
it seemed to be sad
parecía es -
EVENT IN PROGRESS
EVENT IN PROGRESS
it was bad weather
hacía mal tiempo
it rained
llovía
he/she didn't want
no tenía ganas
he/she looked at television
miraba la televisión
it seemed to be sad
parecía estar triste -
The IMPERFECT tense is used:
Description : - time, date
-weather
-event
-age
-physical characteristics
-personality
-physical, mental, emotional state or condition
-set up the stage
O -
The IMPERFECT tense is used:
Description : - time, date
-weather
-event
-age
-physical characteristics
-personality
-physical, mental, emotional state or condition
-set up the stage
On going action in the past
Repetitive / habitual action in the past
Duration of time (length of time)
2nd part of indirect discourse -
IMPERFECT VERB TENSES FOR AR ER/IR
FLIP CARD -
__AR verbs __ER & IR verbs
Yo__aba __Ãa
Tú__abas __Ãas
Él / Ella / Ud. __aba __Ãa
Nosotros / Nosotras __ábamos __Ãamos
Ellos / Ellas / Uds. __aban __Ãan - IMPERFECT TENSE...the description
- The imperfect tense usually describes conditions, acts already in progress, habitual or ongoing activities, feelings, emotions, and mental or physical states. There is no reference to the beginning or the end of an action. These imperfect tense verbs frequently create the background in which the completed act preterite tense verb) occurred.
- THE PRETERITE TENSE description
- The preterite describes a completed act: the writer views it as over and done with, and the reader or listener knows how it turned out. It may focus on either the beginning or the end of an action, but the action or event is seen as complete.
- the uses of imperfect tense:
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Use the imperfect tense for:
* ongoing past acts or background conditions that do not focus on the completion, beginning or end.
* telling time in the past
* a customary or habitual past act
* descriptions of physical and mental conditions
* a series of repeated or habitual acts - the uses of preterite tense:
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Use the preterite tense for:
* an entire completed act
* the beginning of a completed act
* the end of a completed act
* a series of specific completed acts - Particulars of Imperfect:
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1. used to denote the middle of an action
2. use phrases such as:
2a. ("was speaking") to show that a single action continued
2b. "used to" construction to show that a series of separate actions continued
2c. show state of mind or body ("was," "thought," etc.) as ongoing in the past -
Particulars of Preterite:
preterite is used to indicate the beginning or the end of an action. -
When one says, "I shut the door," on the other hand, by the time one says that, the door is already shut; the action has been completed.
The preterite is used to describe a series of discrete actions that occurred in sequence and then were over. -
Particulars of the imperfect:
use of time - example: Of course, there are always some uses that do not necessarily fit the rule, such as the fact that one always tells time in the imperfect ("era la una"),
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One verb -change the tense -meaning changes too...
Preterite versus imperfect -
Verb Preterite
saber supe - "I found out"
conocer conocí - "I met"
querer quise - "I tried" - Particulars of Imperfect vs. Preterite when using the same verb and its tense changes
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Verb Imperfect Pret.
saber sabía - supe -
"I knew" "I found out"
conocer conocía - conocí -
"I knew" "I met"
querer quería - quise -
"I wanted" "I tried" -
Preterit:
1. Foreground / Focus event, often one which presents an independent event or advances the story line (cf. 2)
2. Achievement: start or completionis relevant; often momentary events. "Closed box" or "snapsho -
3. Sequential development
4. Repeated event with clear start and finish and a specific number of repetitions
5. Specific time references: ayer, el domingo, el año pasado -
Imperfect
1. Background process on which a (completed) foreground event is "superimposed"
2. Duration, non-achievement--event viewed as ongoing, incomplete, or even interrupted ("was/were verb-ing"). "Open -
3. Simultaneous development
4. Habitual event ("used to", "would")
5. General time references: siempre, con frecuencia -
Preterit Foreground Events: example
Ayer (llovió) todo el día. Por eso me (mojé).
Yesterday it rained the whole day. For that reason I wet myself.
flip for more... -
a repeated action viewed as a single event with definite completion
EXAMPLE:(Toqué) tres veces a la puerta, pero (no vino) nadie.
I knocked three times on the door, but nobody didn't come. -
Preterit
[preterit for series of events, "sequential development"]
Anoche (cené) a las seis. Luego (fui) a la biblioteca donde me (quedé) tres horas estudiando. Después (volví) a la residencia y me (acosté) a las di - Anoche cené a las seis. Luego fui a la biblioteca donde me quedé tres horas estudiando. Después volví a la residencia y me acosté a las diez y media.
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Preterit:("I met"--preterit for focus event, "became acquainted with" = "met")
a Rodrigo cuando (conocí) a su hermana.
flip for more explanations -
Anoche supo ("he found out") que hoy no tenemos examen. [special translation of saber in preterit--start to know" = "find out"]
translation:
Last night he/she knew ("there is found out") that today we don't have exam. [special translation of to know in preterit--start to know" = "find out"] -
Imperfect: examples
Background information:
Ya llovía [background] cuando me levanté. (trans: it rained when I got up)
Habitual:
En la secundaria tocaba [habitual] la guitarra casi todos los días. (trans: secondly, he/ - Simultaneous Events: Mientras yo te esperaba, tú estabas en tu cama durmiendo. [imperfect for ongoing simultaneous events] Translation: (While I waited for you, you were in your bed sleeping.)
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Imperfect Tense
Comprar Vender Recibir
yo/compraba vendía recibía
tú/comprabas vendías recibías
él, ella, Ud./
compraba vendía recibía
nosotros/
comprábamos vendíamos recibíamos
vosotros
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Example:
El gerente negociaba con los vendedores.
The manager used to (would) negotiate with the vendors.
The manager was negotiating (in the process of) with the vendors.***
The manager negotiated (repeatedly) with the vendors.
NOTE in the above example, the imperfect is also used to describe a past action, which is still going on in the past, or an action whose beginning and ending are NOT specified or important. ***The equivalent in English is was or were + present participle.
To communicate the same idea in English, the phrases used to or would, past continuous, or simple past are used. -
The imperfect tense
is used to describe physical conditions or characteristics of people and things in the past:
EXAMPLES
La compañía tenía muchos problemas económicos./ The company had a lot of economic problems. < -
3. It is also used to express ongoing emotional or mental states, desires and opinions in the past:
EXAMPLES
Nuestra casa matriz quería fusionar nuestra sucursal con otra compañía./
Our parent company wanted to merge our branch with another company.
Los trabajadores se sentían felices con el nuevo jefe./
The workers were happy with their new boss.
Nosotros creíamos que la fusión no funcionaba./
We believed that the merger was not working. -
. The imperfect is used to express time or age in the past:
EXAMPLES
Eran las tres de la tarde./ It was 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
Tenía un año cuando nos mudamos a la Argentina./ I was a year-old when we move -
5. The imperfect is used with the conjunction mientras/ while to express 2 or more ongoing and simultaneous actions:
EXAMPLE
La empresa quería expandir el mercado mientras que el departamento de justicias la demandaba./ The company was trying to expand its market while the Justice Department was suing them. -
Imperfect:
6. It is also used to describe a scene in the past:
EXAMPLES
La noche estaba calurosa./ The night was hot.
El paisaje era maravilloso./ The scenery was marvelous. -
NOTE that the following expressions reflect a habitual or repeated action, which often require the use of the imperfect tense:
siempre/ always, con frecuencia/ with frequency, generalmente/ generally, todos los días (horas, meses, años)/ every day (hour, month, year), and por lo general/ in general.
EXAMPLES
Siempre llovía en Londres./ It always rained in London.
Pedíamos préstamos con frecuencia./ Frequently, we would ask for loans.
Generalmente me sacaba un diez (10) en matemáticas./ Generally, I used to get an A in math.
Todos los días, tomábamos mate en la Argentina./ Every day we used to drink green tea in Argentina.
Por lo general, vendíamos mucho antes de Navidad./ In general, we used to sell a lot before Christmas. -
7. Imperfect Tense: Irregular Verbs.
IR SER VER/ to see
yo/iba era veía
tú/ibas eras veías
él, ella, Ud
iba era veía
nosotros/
íbamos éramos veíamos
vosotros/
ibais erais ve - go to next card
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DIFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRETERIT AND THE IMPERFECT
Poder/ to be able to
El inmigrante ilegal podÃa trabajar a escondidas./ The illegal immigrant was able to work secretly. IMPERFECT
Él pudo trabajar./ He did manage to w -
Saber/ to know
Sabía la clave de acceso./ I knew the password. IMPERFECT
Supe la clave de acceso./ I found out the password. PRET.
Querer/ to want, desire
Mi cuñada no quería mudarse a los Estados Unidos./ My sister-in-law did not want to move to the US. IMPERFECT
Ella no quiso mudarse./ She refused to move. PRET. -
IDIOMATIC USES OF THE IMPERFECT
The imperfect is used to form idiomatic expressions, such as acabar de and hacía + time + que + imperfect tense:
1. Acabar de describes an action that "had just been done:"
Ac - GO TO NEXT CARD
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PRETERIT:
Comprar Vender Recibir
yo/compré vendí recibí
tú/
compraste vendiste recibiste
él, ella, Ud.
compró vendió recibió
nos./
compramos vendimos recibimos
vos./
comprasteis vend - FLIP TO NEXT CARD
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EXAMPLES of PRETERIT:
Ana abrió la puerta y salió volando./ Ana opened the door and left swiftly.
Esta mañana empezó a llover./ This morning it started to rain.
Llovió ayer. It rained yesterday. (AND MEANS) It did -
3. The preterite can be used to interrupt an action in the imperfect tense (IT).
EXAMPLE Trabajábamos (IT) intensamente cuando anunciaron los despidos masivos./ We were working intensely when they announced the massive lay-offs.