European History Midterm One
Terms
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- By the end of the 16th Century, Europe was beginning to experience a decline in ________________ and a growing secularization in both the _____________________ worlds.
- religious passions, political and intellectual
- ____________________ was considered by some as the turning point in the evolution of a modern state system in Europe.
- The 17th Century
- A response to the religious wars and other crises of the time was the __________ ___ ______. As rebellions died down, it became apparent that the privileged classes of society—the __________—remained in control, although the various states exhibited
- yearning for order, aristocrats,
- The most general trend saw an expansion of monarchical power as a stabilizing force; this has been called ____________ or ___________.
- monarchy, absolutism
- Absolutism was most evident in _______ during the reign of ____________, the perfect embodiment of an absolute monarch
- France, Louis XIV
- ___________ reacted differently to domestic crises, and another system emerged where monarchs were ________ by the power of their _________________ ________________.
- England, limited, representative assemblies
- Another “_______ ____ ____†after the middle of the 16th century, when average temperatures fell, affected harvests and caused famines.
- little ice age
- Religion, especially the struggle between militant ____________ and militant __________, played an important role in the outbreak of the _______ ______ ____ (____-____), often called the “last of the ___________ _____.â€
- Catholicism, Calvinism, Thirty Years’ War, 1618, 1648, relgious wars
- The conflict began in the German states as Europe’s major powers backed either the northern ___________ Union or the southern ___________ League. As the war progressed, __________ receded in importance, replaced by a dynastic struggle between the Frenc
- Protestant, Catholic, religion, Bourbons, Spanish, Austrian Habsburgs
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At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the ___________ ruler of the ___________, the Elector Palatine ___________ __, assumed the leadership in forming a league of German Protestant states called the Protestant Union.
To counteract it, t - Calvinist, Palatinate, Frederick IV, Duke Maximilian, Bavaria