Somatic and Special Senses Part II: Inner Ear
Terms from "Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology" Chapter 10: Inner Ear
Terms
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- labyrinth
- complex system of communicating chambers and tubes in the inner ear
- osseous labyrinth
- bony canal in the temporal bone (inner ear)
- membranous labyrinth
- tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth
- perilymph
- fluid that lies between the osseous and membranous labyrinths
- endolymph
- fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth
- semicircular canals
- structures (3 of them) which provide a sense of dynamic equilibrium
- cochlea
- part of the labyrinth that functions in hearing
- scala vestibuli
- upper compartment of the cochlea; leads from the oval window to the apex of the spiral
- scala tympani
- lower compartment of the cochlea; extends frmo the apex of the cochlea to the round window
- round window
- membrane-covered opening in the wall of the inner ear
- cochlear duct
- the portion of membranous labyrinth within the cochlea which lies between the two bony compartements and ends as a closed sac at the apex of the cochlea (between scala v. and scala t.)
- vestibular membrane
- separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli
- basilar membrane
- separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani
- organ of Corti
- contains hearing receptors; is located ont he upper surface of the basilar membrane (in scala tympani)
- hair cells
- receptor cells of the organ of Corti
- tectorial membrane
- membrane attatched to the bony shelf of the cochlea passing over the receptor cells and contacting the tips of their hairs
- conductive deafness
- loss of hearing due to interference with transmission of vibrations to the inner ear
- sensorineural deafness
- loss of hearing due to damage to the cochlea, auditory nerve, or auditory nerve pathways
- organs of static equilibrium
- sense the position of the head, maintain stability and posture when the head and body are still
- organs of dynamic equilibrium
- detect motion of head and body and aid in maintaining balance
- vestibule
- bony chamber between semicircular canals and cochlea, contain organs of static equilibrium
- utricle and saccule
- the two expanded chambers of the vestibule
- macula
- chamber in the utricle and saccule which contain numerous hair sells
- otoliths
- grains of calcium carbonate located in the macula which add weight to the gelatinous material
- ampulla
- swelling at end of membranous canal in the semicircular canals which contain the crista ampularis
- crista ampularis
- sensory organs of the semicircular canals which contain a number os sensory hair cells and supporting cells
- cupula
- dome-shaped gelatinous mass extending upward from the crista ampularis