Body as a whole
Terms
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- What is the process by which the body's internal enviornment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment?
- Homeostasis
- What are the building blocks of living things?
- Cells
- List 3 kinds of cells
-
Absorbing cells
Assembly cells
Cells for movement - What is a group of similar cells that perform the same function?
- Tissues
- List 4 kinds of tissue
-
Muscle
Connective
Nerve
Epithelial - What tissue has the ability to contract or shorten, lines the walls of structures in the body, moves food into stomach
- Muscle tissue
- What kind of tissue provides support for the body and connects its parts
- Connective tissue
- List 3 kinds of connective tissue
-
Blood
Bone
Fat - What kind of tissue carries messages back and forth between the brain and spinal cord and every other part of the body
- Nerve tissue
- What kind of tissue forms a protective surface on the outside of your body and lines your mouth, throat, ears
- Epithelial tissue
- What organ contains all 4 types of tissue?
- The heart
- What are tissues joined together with a specific job?
- An organ
- What is a group of organs that work together to form a specific job?
- An organ system
- How many bones make up the human skeleton?
- 206
- What holds bones together?
- stringy connective tissue called LIGAMENTS
- What is a gourp of connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle?
- Tendons
- What are the functions of the skeletal system?
-
Provide shape and support
Allow movement
Protect tissue and organs
Store mineral (calcium and phosphorus)
Produce red blood cells - What is a dense material that contains fiber strong enough to support weight but flexible to bend?
- Cartilage
- Name 2 places we have cartilage
- Nose and ears
- What is the most abundant cartilage found in joints and forms the larynx, trachea?
- Hyaline
- What kind of bone is found in arms and legs to help stand and walk?
- Long bones
- What kind of bone is found in wrists and ankles and allows twisting and turning?
- Short bones
- What kind of bone has a flat surface and protects heart and brain?
- Flat bones (sternum and cranium)
- What kind of bone has various shapes and sizes like the vertebrae?
- Irregular bones
- What kind of bone is a small nodule that develops in a tendon (patella, hyoid)
- Sesamoid bone
- What is the central shaft of a bone?
- Diaphysis
- What is the thick, double-layered membrane that covers the bone - makes the bone hard and needed for bone growth and repair?
- Periosteum
- What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint?
- Articular cartilage
- What bone tissue is the interior of the ends of bones - produces blood cells and makes bones lighter?
- Spongy bone
- What bone tissue provides protection and support?
- Compact bone
- What bone tissue is a canal in the middle of the bone and contains yellow marrow, fat, and blood vessels?
- Medullary cavity
- What kind of joint has no movement and joins two edges of different bones. Called a suture and found in the skull.
- Immovable joint
- What kind of joint permits only slight movement such as between the vertebrae?
- Slightly movable
- What kind of joint allows free movement - the hip and shoulder are most vulnerable?
- Ball and socket joint
- What kind of joint is a bone that rotates on a ring around a central axis - like the skull on its atlas rotates on the sxis (C-2)
- Pivot joint
- What is an oval shaped joint with a concave cavity that looks like a Lincoln log?
- Saddle joint
- What kind of joint is like a saddle but permits movement in 2 directions - in the wrist?
- Angular joint
- What kind of joint allows free movement in a single plane. Flexion and extension like the elbow and knee?
- Hinge joint
- What kind of joint allows one part of a carpal bone to slide from side to side over another carpal bone?
- Gliding joint
- What kind of joint has lubrication to move freely?
- Synovial joint
- What is the space between articulating bones called?
- Synovial cavity
- What is the name of the lublricating and cushioning saclike structures located in the elbows, knees, hips, shoulders, ankles?
- Bursa
- List 4 functions of bones
-
Provide for attachment of muscles
Form an articulation (joint)
Serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves
Rough surface for better attachments of muscles, tendons, ligaments - What is the junction of 2 or more bones called?
- Articulation
- What is the bone surface that is made to receive the rounded ends called?
- Depression
- What is the bone surface that is a prominent projection called - like in the vertebrae?
- Process
- What is the bone surface that is a large rounded articular surface called?
- Hed
- What is the bone surface that is a sharp, slender process - like the scapula called?
- Spine
- What is the bone surface that is a rounded knuckle-like process located where the bone articulates with another bone called?
- Condyle
- What is the bone surface that is a narrow ridge-like projection called - like the iliac crest of the hip?
- Crest
- What is a deep pit or depression in a bone called?
- Fossa
- What is a hole in a bone that allows passage of blood vessels and nerves called?
- Foramen
- What is the end of a long bone called?
- Epiphysis
- What plane divides the body into left and right?
- Sagittal
- What plane divides the body into upper and lower?
- Transverse
- What plane divides the body into the anterior and posterior portions?
- Frontal
- Closer to (to the trunk)
- Proximal
- Near the surface
- Superficial
- Away from the midline
- Lateral
- Towards the front
- Anterior
- Above
- Superior
- Toward the midline of the body
- Medial
- Inside
- Deep
- Towards the back
- Posterior
- Further from (the trunk)
- Distal = distant
- Below
- Inferior
- Is the head superior or inferior to the foot
- Superior
- Is the skin superficial or deep to bone?
- Superficial
- Are the toes proximal or distal to the femur?
- Distal
- Is the shoulder proximal or distal to the hand?
- Proximal
- Are the eyes medial or lateral to the nose?
- Lateral
- The sternum forms part of the anterior or posterior part of the chest wall?
- Anterior