AP World History: Chapter 21 Flash Cards
Terms
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- factories
- Portuguese trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce. (p. 667)
- Mvemba, Nzinga
- King of Kongo south of Zaire River from 1507 to 1543; converted to Christianity and took title of Alfonso I; under Portuguese influence attempted to Christianize all of kingdom. (p. 639)
- Indies piece
- Term utilized within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade; referred to the value of an adult male slave. (p. 643)
- Tutu, Osei
- Member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa; responsible for creating unified Asante Empire; utilized Western firearms. (p. 647)
- Dahomey
- Kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; center at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under King Agaja expanded to control coastline and port of Whydah by 1727; accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves. (p. 642)
- great trek
- Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal. (p. 651)
- Middle Passage
- Slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th—18th centuries); generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture. (p. 654)
- Vodun
- African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti. (p. 659
- Wilberforce, William
- British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament; led abolition of English slave trade in 1807. (p. 650)
- El Mina
- Most important of early Portuguese trading factories in forest zone of Africa. (p. 638)
- Luanda
- Portuguese factory established in 1520s south of Kongo; became basis for Portuguese colony of Angola. (p. 640)
- triangular trade
- Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe. (p. 644)
- Luo
- Nilotic people who migrated from Upper Nile valley; established dynasty among existing Bantu population in lake region of central eastern Africa; center at Bunyoro. (p. 749)
- Shaka
- Ruler and reformer of Nguni peoples after 1818; reformed loose forces into regiments organized by lineage and age; created Zulu chiefdom that began to absorb or destroy its neighbors in southern Africa. (p. 650)
- obeah
- African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands. (p. 659)
- Palmares
- Kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people; located in Brazil during the 17th century; leadership was Angolan. (p. 659)
- Swazi and Lesotho
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New African state formed on model of Zulu chiefdom; survived mfecane. (p. 652)
Southern African state that survived mfecane; not based on Zulu model; less emphasis on military organization, less authoritarian government. (p. 652) - lançados
- Collection points for Portuguese trade in the interior of Africa; provided essential links between economies of African interior and factories on the coast. (p. 639)
- Royal African Company
- Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia. (p. 642)
- Asante Empire
- Established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi; dominated by Oyoko clan; many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650. (p. 642)
- Benin
- City-state formed in 14th century under Ewuare the Great (1400–1473); control extended from Niger River to coast near modern Lagos. (p. 647)
- mfecane
- Wars of 19th century in southern Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka; revolutionized political organization of southern Africa. (p. 652)
- candomble
- African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. (p. 659)