Chapter 33
Terms
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- George Creel
- head of the Committee on Public Information 1917 which was allegedly formed to combat wartime rumors by providing authoritative info. It served as propaganda agency proclaiming the govn'ts version of reality and discrediting those who questioned that version.
- Eugene V. Debs
- Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations
- Mitchell Palmer
- Was head of the Witch hunt that was related to the red scare that occured around the time of the Russian revolution. He jailed anyone who spoke of communism or anarchy. The people who were put in jail were treated terribly.
- Jeannette Rankin
- the first woman elected to congress. she was from montana and voted against WWI as well as WWII.
- Zimmerman Note
- Written by Arthur Zimmerman, a german foreign secretary. In this note he had secretly proposed a German- Mexican alliance. He tempted Mexico with the ideas of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted on March 1, 1917 by the U.S. government. This was a major factor that led us into WWI.
- Lusitania
- Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 American killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.
- Arabic & Sussex Pledges
- pledges made by the German government after sinking the British passenger ship Arabic in 1915 and the French steamer Sussex in 1916. The pledges agreed to pay an indemnity and offered public assurances that German u-boats would not sink passenger ships; the later implied the virtual abandonment of submarine warfare which didn't happen
- Liberty Loans
- Bonds sold by the Treasury Department largely through propaganda campaigns, used to raise two thirds of the cost of the war
- Fourteen Points
- the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations
- League of Nations
- International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s.
- Committee on Public Information
- It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.
- Espionage & Sedition Acts
- two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI
- Industrial Workers of the World
- Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.
- War Industries Board
- This government agency oversaw the production of all American factories. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce.
- War Labor Board
- Acted as a supreme court for labor cases. Did more harm than good when it tried to limit wages, which led to strikes.
- 19th Amendment
- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
- Bolsheviks
- Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under Lenin's leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
- Big Four
- The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.
- Treaty of Versailles
- Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.