Buddhism
Terms
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- Mahayana
- The "greater vehicle" in Buddhism, the more liberal and mystical northern school, which stressed the virtue of altruistic compassion rather than intellectual efforts at individual salvation
- 1st part of the eightfold path
- right understanding-comprehending reality through deep realization of the Four Noble Truths and seeing through material illusions
- 8th part of the eightfold path
- right meditation-mental discipline to the quieting of the mind itself.
- Theravada
- The remaining orthodox school of Buddhism, which adheres closely to the earliest scriptures and emphasizes individual efforts to liberate the mind from suffering
- 2nd part of the eightfold path
- right thought/motives-uncovering any "unwholesome" emotional roots behind our thinking, such as desire to hide our imperfections or avoid contact with others
- mandalas
- visual aids to concentration and illumination, which portray a Buddha or Bodhisattva surrounded by deities in a diagram symbolically representing the universe
- Vipassana
- insight
- The Triple Gem
- Theravada School students soften the discipline of the mind with devotion to Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha (community of realized beings)
- 5th part of the eightfold path
- right livelihood-being sure one's way of making a living does not violate the first five parts of the eightfold path
- karma
- our actions and their effects on this life and lives to come
- Zen
- A Chinese and Japanese school emphasizing that all things have buddha-nature, which can only be grasped when one escapes from the intellectual mind
- Sunyata
- voidness or emptiness
- 6th part of the eightfold path
- right effort-continual striving to cut off "unwholesome states" past, present and future
- dukkha
- according to the Buddha, a central fact of human life, variously translated as discomfort, suffering, frustration, or lack of harmony with the environment
- deity yoga
- in Vajrayana (Mahayana), it is meditating on one of the many deities who embody various qualities that the practitioner wishes to manifest
- Buddha
- enlightened one
- arhant
- worthy one who has found nirvana in his life
- nirvana
- the ultimate egoless state of bliss
- 3rd part of the eightfold path
- right speech-Don't gossip, or use divisive speech, harsh words, or vain talk
- 4th part of the eightfold path
- right action-Avoid stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, intoxicants, and destroying life
- samsara
- the continual round of birth, death, and rebirth
- bodhisattvas
- someone dedicated to attaining enlightenment
- bhikshu
- A monk or nun who renounces worldliness for the sake of following the path of liberation and whose simple physical needs are met by lay supporters
- 7th part of the eightfold path
- right mindfulness-be aware in every moment, stay in the present