REL - Hinduism Test
Terms
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- Who was the founder of Sikhism.
- Nanak
- Lifespan of Nanak
- 1469-1538
- Deity
- "The True Name" - Like Allah, Vishnu
- Who was the fifth Guru, who compiled the Adi Granth
- Arjan
- Who was the tenth Guru, who founded the Khalsa.
- Govind
- Where was Nanak born?
- Talwandi
- What caste was Nanak?
- Mercantile (However probably poor)
- Governor of Talwandi, who liked Nanak's ideas.
- Rai Bular
- Nanak was said to have a vision from God, who told him that...
- There is only one God, and there is no Muslim or Hindu.
- What city did Sikhism flourish?
- Punjab
- Who was the successor of Nanak?
- Angad
- Hari
- The Kindly, another name for the True Name
- In Sikhism, Maya is like
- A veil of matter, created by god to prevent those full of desire from seeing him.
- This Sikh Guru began to transition to military power
- Arjan (1581-1606)
- Arjan compiled the
- Adi Granth, the Sikh Bible
- Arjan died by
- He was arrested and tortured to death
- Who succeeded Arjan?
- Har Govind, his son
- Har Govind created a Sikh
- Army and stonghold
- Who was the tenth and last Guru?
- Govind Singh
- Govind Sing compiled the
- Dasam Granth
- Govind Sing created the
- Khalsa, "The Pure"
- First sign of a Khalsa
- Kesh, long hair
- Second sight of a Khalsa
- Kangha, comb
- Third Sign of Khalsa
- Kachh, short drawers
- Fourth sign of a Khalsa
- Kara, steel bracelet
- Fifth sign of a Khalsa
- Kirpan, Sword
- Nanakpanthis
- Followers of Nanak, who did not become Khalsas
- Adi Granth
- Primary collection of Sikh Scriptures, mostly hymns, assembled by the fifth Guru, Guru Arjan
- Dasam Granth
- The Granth of the Tenth Guru, Govind Singh's compilation of his own writings. Reassembled in several versions.
- Govind Singh
- Tenth and last Guru. Founder of the Khalsa order
- Gurdwara
- A Building for worship and hospitality, usually including a room for the Granth, hostel accomodations, and a community kitchen
- Guru
- A spiritual guide/teacher
- Haumai
- Egoism, self-centeredness. Threatens to ensnare human beings, separating them from the True Name
- Japji
- A prayer attibuted to Nanak. Used in daily devtional rites
- Kabir
- 1440-1518; Poet follower of the Hindu reformer Ramananda, a monotheis precurser of Nanak
- Nam-Marg
- "The Path of the Name" Sikh self-reference to distinguish itself from Hindu Paths
- Sangat
- Congregation for worship and for setting the Sikh community policy
- -
- -
- Hindus use the term ___ to describe their religion
- Dharma
- The only general rule of Hinduism is to
- Abide by the rules of the caste and trust that by doing so they will be freed from rebirth.
- Year Muslims invaded India
- 1800-1500 BCE
- Rajah
- Chieften in the Indo-Aryan invaders tribes
- Name the four Samhitas collections
- Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Yajur-Veda, and the Atharva-Veda
- What is the Rig-Veda
- Veda of stanzas of praise. Ten books with over 1,000 hymns.
- Aryans' Brahmin
- Represented the Brahman
- Brahman
- In Vedic lit, a mana-like mgical potency. Sacred utterances, etc
- Mantras
- Words and stanzas of the Rig-Veda
- Yajur-Veda
- Ment to supply dedications, prayers, and litanies to accompany the use of the Rig-Veda
- Sama-Veda
- Collection of Rythmic chants mainly for the use of the singing priests at soma sacrifices.
- Atharava-Veda
- A more indepedent book from the Rig-Veda. Charms, incantation, maledictions, spells, etc
- Brahmans eventually claimed that they were even more powerful than
- The gods, as the gods had to obey them
- Brahmanas
- Commentaries on the Vedas stressing potency of Brahmanic ritual for control over gods, nature, and humankind
- When were the Brahmanas written
- 300 BCE
- Two groups of sacrificial ceremonies on the Brahmanas
- Domestic and Public
- Asvamedha
- The ancient Aryan hourse sacrifice
- Upanishads
- "Sitting near a teacher". Commentary treatises expanding on the philosophical meanings found in the vedas
- Ascetics
- Mediative thinkers, away from activity in the world toward inward thought and spirit
- Moksha
- Release. Emancipation from the world's illusion and pain
- THe name for the ultimate reality, that beings are all one being
- Brahman
- Saguna Brahman
- Lord God regnant who responds to human prayer
- Atman
- Innerself, spirit
- Three mental states, according to Upanishadic thinkers
- Waking consciousness, dreaming sleep, deep, dreamless sleep
- Fourth stage of consciousness
- Turiya. Transends all of the other three. Represents the purest of soul. Like Moksha
- Cosmic Cycles
- Kalpas. The World dissvolves after every Kalpa. All souls depart from their bodies into a state of suspende being.
- Pralaya
- After a period of this, the world comes back into being
- Samsara
- Sequence of change. Connected to reincarnation
- Karma
- "Deeds", "words", the principle of inexorable cause and effect
- Varna
- Classes in the Caste system
- Four Varna
- Brahmins, Kshatriyas (Warriors), Vaisyas, (producers) Shudras (Servents)
- Jatis
- Subclasses within the above classes
- Agni
- The sacred fire. The ritual prist god of fire and light
- Aryans
- Semi-nomadic peoples who migrated from eater ERUO and ASIA to become ancestors of Greeks, Romans, etc.
- Atharva-Veda
- Brahmanic ritual poetry dedicated to certain needs. Healing sick, spells for lovers, etc
- Brahma
- The Creater. Member of the supreme triad
- Brahman-Atman
- A compound term to indicate the essential id of individual consciousness with the eternal Brahman
- Brahmin
- A member of the Brahmana or priestly class of castes. The hgighest group in the varna
- Brihaspati
- The power of prayer personified
- Dasas
- Indigenous inhabitants of NW India. Subdued by invading Aryans
- Dravidians
- A major racial and linguistic family of non-Aryan peoples most numerous in S India.
- Henotheism
- Flattering ritual attribution of supremem position and a vast array of powers to one of many gods, temporarily ignoring but not denying the existence of others
- Indra
- God of storms and monsoon. Slayer of Vritra in Rig-Veda
- Jiva
- The princple of vitality, the empirical self, or the embodied atman
- Kalpa
- A world age or aeon, a unit of the cycle of periodic dissolutions and reconstitutions of all things
- Kshatriya
- The warrior-chieftain class of castes
- Maya
- Ignorance
- Miksha
- Release/liberation from the cycle of samsara
- Monism
- The metaphysical view that ultimate reality is made up of only one substance; diversity is only apparent and can be traced to one substrate
- Prakriti
- The eternal self-subsisting material world, nature
- Purusha
- The original cosmic person; pure consciousness, the nonmaterial, coeternal counterpart to prakriti
- Rig-Veda
- Collection of over 1,000 hymns the liturgical handbook of early Aryan preits,
- Rudra
- Mountain god of north wind. Sometimes destryer, sometimes healther. Later worshiped as Shiva
- Shruti
- "That which is heard". The most sacred core of Brahmanic literature
- Shudra
- Worker class of castes, fourth and lowest ranking in the varna social order
- Smirti
- "That which is remembered" Secondary level of sacred writings that derive from revlation but are composed by human authros
- Soma
- Sacred drink.
- Tapas
- Heat. inner fire in an ascetic's heart.
- Ushas
- White-robed goddess of down; eternally young, she rides a chariot driven by her male attendants, the twin Asvins
- Vaisya
- The merchant, artisan, and small landholder class of castes, third in the varna order
- Varuna
- Keeper of the natural moral order
- Vedanta
- Commentary on the vedas.
- Yoga
- Mentioned in the upanishads. Overcoming bondage
- puja
- Worship of god/goddess
- Dharma
- Duty or moral law. Sometimes a generic term for religious thought and practice
- Four permissible life goals for Brahmins
- Kama (Pleasure - often via love), Artha (Power and subtance. Material possesstions), Dharma (faithful, duty to moral law), Moksha (Release/liberation)
- Code of Manu
- Rules for castes. Lays stress on rites of passage
- Dharmasatras
- Spells out rules of castes, like The Code of Manu
- Nirvana
- Means extinction. Liberated condtion
- Three ways to salvation
- Way of works, knowledge, and devotion
- Marga
- "Path" -Way
- Yoga means
- Discipline
- Karma Marga
- The Way of Works
- Shraddha
- Rites following death and for ancestral spirits. Found in the code of manu. For Karma marga
- Pinda
- food balls. Supposed to provide dead with a "new body". Example of the Shraddha
- Way of Works for Women
- Obey men, serve men meekly, household duties, and becoming a sati.
- Sati
- Women who sacrifieces herself in fire as an act of devotion. Uppoer-caste literature. Illegal. For Karma Marga
- Jnana Marga
- The Way of Knowledge. Based on the thinking in the Upanishads
- The premise of reflective Hinduism, The Way of Knowledge, is that
- Human misery and evil is ignorance (Avidya). The root of human misery is mental error, not moral transgression
- Best known viewpoint of Reflective Hinduism
- Monism.
- Monism believes
- The evil of the human condition lies in the fact that we think we are separate, even though individuals' atman are at one with the Brahman.
- Ashramas
- The four stages in life, according to the reflective mode of hinduism
- Name the Ashramas
- The student, the married man/householder, the forest hermit, the mendicant/holy wanderer
- What happens in the student stage
- Learn about duties of caste, religious awakening, study of the vedas
- What happens in the householder stage
- Marriage, children
- What happens in the hermit stage?
- Retire to forest.
- What happens in the Sannyasin?
- Final stage. Homeless wanderer.
- Six systems of the reflextive hinduism
- -Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Vedanta, and Mimansa
- Bhakti Marga
- Way of devotion
- Text for Bhakti Marga
- Bhagavad Gita
- Contains the Bhagavad Gita
- Mahabharata
- The Bhagavad Gita Tells about
- Arjuna, warrior. does't want to go to war b/c will be fighting and killing family. Krishna appears. Says it's caste duty, and that no one dies in battle and then turns into Vishnu and says that the path to salvation and liberation is he.
- Ramayana
- Epic of the struggles of Rama and co. rescuing sita from demon Ravana. Devotional Hindu
- Puranas
- Popular epics. Stories about ceratin sects' gods and sages
- Trimurti
- The Triad of Gods. Made up of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
- What are the niche's for Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
- Creation, preservation, destruction
- Shiva
- destruction. Male/female
- Vishnu
- Preserver. Four arms, two hands
- Spouse of Vishnu
- Lakshmi
- Genesha
- Elephant-headed son of Shiva. Worshiped for great undertakings