Religions
Terms
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- Enlightment & Modern Religion
- identified as beign started by the Protestant Reformation of Christianty for example. Emphasis was on on salvation not by involved spiritual practices but by acts of faith. It was something an individual could do wherever he or she was. It was created to adhere to the growing use of technology and trade. Technologies created began to lead to questions and make then wonder about the basis of faith.
- Moksha
- The final quest after all other quests have run out. The quest is undertaken with the guidance of a guru.
- State of Conciousness OM
- True self. Unification of all other three states.
- Upanishads
- Sets of commentaries. The last and most philosophical of Vedas. Centering around the message that Atman is Brahman; ones true self is the universal Divine Reality.
- Jnana yoga
- the way of knowledge yoga
- Unconditioned Reality
- is the world that is the complete opposite of conditioned. Its spiritual, knowledge would be unlimited, to Christians it is heaven.
- Karma Yoga
- the way of activity
- Vedas
- Hinduism's Ancient Scriptures The fundamental official scriptures. Also the Brahmanas, Aranyaks and Upanishads. The first three are involved with the sacrifical rites of Brahman priest Rig Veda. The oldest and most important, they are hymns sung at sacrifices.
- That Thou Art
- Repeated at the end of an example of essence to the son.
- Mantra
- The words of the chants. A set of words chanted or meditated that would bring powers.
- Conditioned Reality
- is the world we are living in now, with limitations. WE are conditioned by what time and space we live in. To Christians, it's the world.
- Name for stages of life
- Ashramas, The four stages of life. Student, householder( Artha, Kama and Dharma done here), hermit or forest dweller and renunciant(sannyasin)
- Name of god or unconditioned reality in Hinduism
- Brahman
- Ecstasy
- A state of powerful rapture, trance or alteration of consciousness believed to open one to spiritual experience.
- Ancient Empire Religion
- Because of harvest, people could survive in larger numbers in the same place. Religions in this time were like marriage. They gave everything a god, such as mother earth. It was the formalization of motifs of archaic agriculture religion.
- Post Modernism
- The skepticism as to whether one can really know absolute truth. Instead of seeking absoloutes, they embrace the relative truths of subjective experiences. Rejects modernism. There is a renewed interest in the religion and appreciation for customs and meanings found in narratives. It is potentially an anything goes morality that is criticized as the decline of civilized society.
- Advaita Vedanta
- Philosophy emphaisizing non dualism, teaches that all reallyis Brahman. What appears other than Brahman is maya or Brahmins appearance.
- Hatha yoga
- physical kind of yoga
- Sikhs
- Riligon emphasizing monotheism and equality.
- Laws f Manu
- Rationalized the caste systems. It was a systemization of the Hindu view of society and contained the teachings about the four ends of humanity and the four stages of life. Also spoke about the four great divisions of society (varnas (colors)). Brahmins (preists, scholoars head), kshatriyas (warriors arms) Vaishyas (merchants, craftsmen thighs) and shudras (peasants feet) Harijans or untouchables.
- Dharma
- The social order of human civilization when it is righteous and in accord with the cosmic order (rita) It is also the duty of the people themselves by moral behaviors or upholding social order.
- Funerals
- Not done by a Brahmin but instead by the eldest son of the family. Burned and head is cracked when it is red hot and ashes are spread across the ganges.
- Ramanyan
- Sita is captured by Ravana and saved by her husband Rama.
- Devotional Hinduism
- Emphasis on deeply felt prayer and meditation. Devoting oneself to the. Pictured in some concrete form such as deity or savior.
- Sociological
- The forms of organizations and the way people relate to them.
- Tantrism
- Spritial path emphaisizing initiation, esoteric rituals and secual symbolisms.
- The final meaning of things
- Upanishads represent what aspect of religion
- Goals of Life (Laws of Manu)
- The Four Ends of Human Life. Kama or pleasure, Artha or gain, Dharma or righteousness, Moksha or Liberation
- Cosmic Religion
- A religious outlook largly coextensive with the religion of archaic hunters and farmers but with continitations down to the present. IT has little sense of history or of linear times. It finds and expreses sacred meaning in aspects of nature and human life. It is the interplay of ordinary daily life with the extraordinary experience of the natural world as being full of gods and goblins of elves and spirits of returning dead.
- Karma
- The chain of cause and effect set in motion by one's deeds in the world.
- Practical
- What is done in the religion
- Hunter Gatherer Religion
- The earliest Human society. They were headed by a shaman, who is the person that has a close connection to the spirits. There was a deep relationship between humans and animals.
- Medieval Religions
- Was a time of love. Feelings of love were identified with the gods and the savior. Love and Religion were interfused.
- Bhakti Yoga
- The way of love for god in personal form yoga.
- Theoretical
- The doctrine & myths of the religions.
- Agricultural Religion
- The shift from hunting to planted fields. It created a newfound relation of life to dead. Examle being the seed that seems to be dead but can be brought back to life. Spiritual Life became tied to the cycle of the seasons.
- Mahabarta
- Arjuna, whose charioterr is Khristna in disguise. He is a warrior and is stressed about fighting, but Kristna tells him that is what he was born to do.
- Shamans
- The human custodian of spiritual power. The one who on subtle plains of perception or soul travels, moves feely amoung the spirits. They serve as guide of the souls of the dead, as healer and intercessor and counselor to the tribes. Calls come in the form of vioices or strange impulses or seizures, insane actions, etc.